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Default Mode of Brain Activity Observed in the Lateral, Medial, and Orbital Prefrontal Cortex in the Monkey

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The Prefrontal Cortex as an Executive, Emotional, and Social Brain

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Abstract

Human neuroimaging studies have demonstrated the presence of a “default system” that consists mainly of the medial prefrontal and medial parietal areas and shows cognitive task-induced deactivation. The default activity is thought to be concerned with internal thought processes; however, there have been few attempts to demonstrate a default system that shows task-induced deactivation in nonhuman primates. Recently, a positron emission tomography (PET) study demonstrated working memory (WM) task-induced deactivations in the medial prefrontal (MPFC), lateral prefrontal (LPFC), orbital prefrontal (OFC), and medial posterior parietal areas during rest, suggesting the existence of internal thought processes in the monkey. In humans, activities of the executive system (such as LPFC) and default system (such as MPFC) are generally anticorrelated, and the OFC is rarely activated during rest. The rest-related activity in the monkey LPFC and OFC may be associated more with emotional or motivational aspects of internal thought processes. Dopamine in the prefrontal cortex plays important roles in cognitive operations, and a previous monkey microdialysis study revealed an increase of dopamine release in the LPFC during the WM task compared with that during rest. A recent study indicated a decrease in dopamine release in the anterior default system (MPFC/ACC) during the WM task compared with that during rest, indicating a rest-related increase in dopamine release in the anterior default system. As dopamine release in the LPFC contributes to cognitive operations such as WM, dopamine release in the MPFC/ACC during rest may be associated with other kinds of cognitive operations, such as internal thought.

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  1. Department of Physiological Psychology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan

    Masataka Watanabe

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Correspondence to Masataka Watanabe .

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    Masataka Watanabe

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Watanabe, M. (2017). Default Mode of Brain Activity Observed in the Lateral, Medial, and Orbital Prefrontal Cortex in the Monkey. In: Watanabe, M. (eds) The Prefrontal Cortex as an Executive, Emotional, and Social Brain. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56508-6_12

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