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Innate Immunity

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Immunology of the Skin

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Abstract

Innate immunity senses the presence of a pathogen by recognizing molecules typical to a microbe but not shared by host cells, termed pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). In addition, danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMPs) molecules also initiate a noninfectious inflammatory response through the innate immune system. Many nonimmune cells resident in the skin, as well as immune cells, are endowed with an array of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that orchestrate self-defense against invading pathogens by detecting the presence of pathogenic microorganisms. The major PRRs are Toll-like receptors (TLRs), nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat containing, or Nod-like receptors (NLRs), retinoic acid-inducible gene I-like receptors (RLRs), and C-type lectin receptors (CLRs). Recognition of PAMPs and DAMPs by those receptors initiates several different responses to eliminate the pathogen, such as the production of type I interferon and inflammatory cytokines. Antimicrobial peptides, produced by keratinocytes and neutrophils that have migrated to skin, also play an important role in innate immunity due to their antimicrobial activity. Dysregulation of innate receptors or antimicrobial peptides leads to increased susceptibility to infection and inflammatory diseases in the skin.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Dermatology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan

    Takashi Satoh M.D., Ph.D.

  2. Department of Dermatology, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan

    Naotomo Kambe M.D., Ph.D.

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  1. Takashi Satoh M.D., Ph.D.
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  2. Naotomo Kambe M.D., Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Naotomo Kambe M.D., Ph.D. .

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  1. Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Grad Sch of Med., Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan

    Kenji Kabashima

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Satoh, T., Kambe, N. (2016). Innate Immunity. In: Kabashima, K. (eds) Immunology of the Skin. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55855-2_16

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