Abstract
Desertification is a serious global problem and more acute in the case of Pakistan. In Pakistan almost 3/4th of the land is either already affected or likely to be affected by it. Desertification process has been active since historical times in areas now-a-days constituting Pakistan. Amongst the factors affecting desertification in Pakistan, the fundamental factor is population pressure. Other major immediate physical cause of ecological degradation includes: excessive felling of trees, inadequate reforestation activities, inappropriate cultivation practices in hilly and rain fed farming area, uncontrolled and excessive livestock grazing in forest and rangeland. Inadequate efforts with regard to watershed protection and management in the catchments areas of reservoirs lead to sever soil erosion. Irrational irrigation practices also enhance land degradation. As a result of such activities vegetation cover is destroyed, and it also leads to prevent regeneration of grasses and trees etc.
The Desertification occur in both rain fed as well as irrigated lands. Pakistan is mainly a dryland country, where 80 % of its land is arid and semi-arid. Two-third of its human population depends on these drylands to support their livelihood. Like many other developing countries, Pakistan is severely affected by land degradation and desertification. Unsustainable land management practices are causing enormous environmental problems, including soil erosion, loss of soil fertility, flash floods, sedimentation of canals and water courses, deforestation and associated loss of carbon sequestration capacity and biodiversity. In recent years, number of Federal and provincial agencies are engaged to combat desertification. However, the efforts made by the originations and departments along with non-government organizations hardly fill the gap between its increasing intensity and disaster risk reduction measures to control desertification.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Ahmad S, Hussain Z, Qureshi AS, Majeed R, Saleem M (2004) Drought mitigation in Pakistan: current status and options for future strategies. IWMI, Colombo
Akbar G, Khan TN, Arshad M (1996) Cholistan desert, Pakistan. Rangelands 18(15):124–128
Akram M (2012) Management of surface and groundwater resources in Cholistan Desert of Pakistan for drinking and farm production. Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources (PCRWR), Islamabad
Alan K, Macdonald D (2012) Indigenous people, poverty and development. Cambridge University Press, New York
Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC) (2008) ‘Vulnerability and risk: Module 3, Capacity Building in Asia using Information Technology Applications (CASITA) Project’, ADPC, SM Tower, 24th Floor, 979/69 Paholyothin Road, Samsen Nai, Phayathai, Bangkok 10400, Thailand, ADPC, Bangkok
Atta-ur-Rahman, Khan AN (2013) Analysis of 2010-flood causes, nature and magnitude in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Nat Hazards 66(2):887–904
Bell FG (1999) Soil erosion and desertification. In: Geological hazards their assessment, avoidance and mitigation, 1st edn. Taylor & Francis Group, New York. http://www.crcnetbase.com/doi/abs/10.4324/9780203014660.ch9
Bokhari IM (2014) UNISDR. Viewed 15 June 2014, http://www.preventionweb.net/english/professional/policies/v.php?id=38542
Brown D, Taylor J, Bell M (2008) The demography of desert Australia. Rangel J 30(1): 29–43. Viewed 22 April 2014, http://www.publish.csiro.au/paper/RJ07043
Collins AE (2009) Disaster and development. Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group Ltd., Oxford/Abingdon
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [FAO] (1989) Arid zone forestry: a guide for field technicians. Forest Department, Paris
Government of Pakistan (GOP) (2007) National disaster risk management framework Pakistan. National Disaster Management Authority, NDMA, Prime Minister’s Secretariat, Constitution Avenue, Islamabad
Government of Pakistan (GOP) (2010a) Five year plans. Viewed 15 June 2014, http://www.planningcommission.gov.pk/National_Plans.html
Government of Pakistan (GOP) (2010b) ‘National Disaster Management Act 2010’, Act, The Gazette of Pakistan, Senate Secretariat. NDMA, Islamabad. http://www.preventionweb.net/files/32317_ordinance.pdf
Government of Pakistan (GOP) (2013) ‘The National DRR Policy’, Policy, National Disaster Management Authority. NDMA, Islamabad. http://www.ndma.gov.pk/Documents/drrpolicy2013.pdf
Johnson DL (1979) Management strategies for drylands: available options and unanswered questions. In: Mabbutt JA (ed) Proceedings of the Khartoum Workshop on Arid Lands Management. United Nations University Press, Khartoum, pp 26–35. Retrieved June 15, 2014, from Strategies for development, extension, and management in the drylands: http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/80198e/80198E03.htm#. Management Strategies for Drylands: An Interim Report D. L. Johnson
Khan AN (1993a) An evaluation of natural hazard reduction policies in developing countries with special reference to Pakistan. Pak J Geogr III(1 & 2):81–100
Khan AN (1993b) Towards an appraisal of hazard-response theory with special reference to landslide hazard. J Rural Dev Auth XXV(4):42–63
Khan AN (2010) Climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction in Pakistan. In: Shaw R, Pulhin J, Pereira J (eds) Climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction: an Asian perspective, community, environment and disaster risk management. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, London/Bingley
Khan AN (Forthcoming Nov 2014) Introduction to disaster planning and management, 1st edn. Printman, Peshawar
Kolmannskog VO (2008) Future floods of refugees: a comment on climate change, conflict and forced migration. Norwegian Refugee Council, Oslo
Shah Z-U-H, Arshad M (2006) Land degradation in Pakistan: a serious threat to environments and economic sustainability. Viewed 15 June 2014, http://www.eco-web.com/edi/060715.html
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) (2009) ‘Facing the challenges: the United Nations World Water Development Report 3’, UN Report, UNESCO, World Water Development, Earthscan, London
United Nation International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR) (2004) Living with risk: a global review of disaster reduction initiatives. Viewed 15 June 2014, http://www.unisdr.org/eng/about_isdr/bd-lwr-2004-eng.htm
United Nation International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR) (2010) Natural hazards, unnatural disasters: the economics of effective prevention. Viewed 15 June 2014, http://www.gfdrr.org/sites/gfdrr.org/files/nhud/files/NHUD-Report_Full.pdf
United Nations Combat to Desertification [UNCD] (2011) Global drylands. Zoi Environment Network, Bresson
United Nations Decade for Deserts and Fight against Desertification [UNDDD] (2014) UNDDD. Viewed 15 June 2014, http://www.un.org/en/events/desertification_decade/value.shtml
United Nations Environment Programme [UNEP] (2014) United Nations Environment Programme: Environment for Development. Viewed 15 June 2014, http://www.unep.org/dewa/agassessment/reports/IAASTD/EN/Agriculture%20at%20a%20Crossroads_Global%20Report%20(English).pdf
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer Japan
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Khan, A.N., Ali, A. (2015). Desertification Risk Reduction Approaches in Pakistan. In: Rahman, AU., Khan, A., Shaw, R. (eds) Disaster Risk Reduction Approaches in Pakistan. Disaster Risk Reduction. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55369-4_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55369-4_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Tokyo
Print ISBN: 978-4-431-55368-7
Online ISBN: 978-4-431-55369-4
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)