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Zinc Signal in Brain Functions

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Zinc Signals in Cellular Functions and Disorders

Abstract

Brain zinc homeostasis is strictly controlled under healthy conditions, indicating the importance of zinc for physiological functions in the brain. Zinc in the synaptic vesicles is released from glutamatergic (zincergic) neuron terminals and serves as a signal factor (Zn2+ signal) in the intracellular (cytosol) compartment, in addition to the extracellular compartment. The synaptic Zn2+ signal is dynamically linked to neurotransmission and participates in synaptic plasticity such as long-term potentiation (LTP) and cognitive function. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity, that is, glucocorticoid secretion, is linked to cognitive function and can potentiate glutamatergic neuron activity. The modification of synaptic Zn2+ signal by the HPA axis activity, which is enhanced by stress and aging, is likely to be linked to cognitive function. On the other hand, abnormal Zn2+ influx into postsynaptic neurons, which is induced by the abnormal glutamatergic (zincergic) neuron activity, induces neuronal death and is involved in neurological disorders such as stroke/ischemia, temporal lobe epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Therefore, the homeostasis of synaptic Zn2+ signal is critical in both functional and pathological aspects. This chapter summarizes the physiological significance of intracellular Zn2+ signaling in brain functions, especially in cognition.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan

    Atsushi Takeda

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  1. Atsushi Takeda
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Correspondence to Atsushi Takeda .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory for Homeostatic Network, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan

    Toshiyuki Fukada

  2. Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

    Taiho Kambe

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Takeda, A. (2014). Zinc Signal in Brain Functions. In: Fukada, T., Kambe, T. (eds) Zinc Signals in Cellular Functions and Disorders. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55114-0_8

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