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Neuroprotection for Photoreceptors

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Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration for Retinal Diseases

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Abstract

Progressive dysfunction and death of photoreceptors is the major cause of loss of vision in most retinal diseases. Many studies investigating photoreceptor protection have used animal models, and some of the results have been implemented clinically. These include responsible gene applications, applying neurotrophic factors or antioxidants and blocking or preventing specific death signal transduction. Retinal prosthesis or appropriate cell transplantations have also been reported at the end stage of photoreceptor death. Conventional strategies for neuroprotection using neurotrophic factors or antioxidants have attempted to strengthen the cellular metabolism against variable stresses. However, not every application is well tolerated, although some clinical applications are ongoing. Recent understanding of photoreceptor cell death has led to targeting cell death initiation or blocking its execution. These include correcting the amount of intracellular cGMP, modification of epigenetic processes, and prevention of some proteolytic enzyme activity, such as calpains. Further, another approach from the aspect of the drug delivery system has also been developed. An improved design of photoreceptor protection will require a better understanding of the photoreceptor neurodegenerative mechanisms.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Clinical Cell Therapy, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine (ART), School of Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan

    Toshiaki Abe & Nobuhiro Nagai

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  1. Toshiaki Abe
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  2. Nobuhiro Nagai
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Correspondence to Toshiaki Abe .

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  1. Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan

    Toru Nakazawa

  2. Department of Ophthalmology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan

    Yasushi Kitaoka

  3. Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Inst of Med Sci, Tokyo, Japan

    Takayuki Harada

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Abe, T., Nagai, N. (2014). Neuroprotection for Photoreceptors. In: Nakazawa, T., Kitaoka, Y., Harada, T. (eds) Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration for Retinal Diseases. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54965-9_14

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