Abstract
Arthropods are the most species-rich phylum. Within arthropods, species diversity is concentrated in the Hexapoda, which includes on the order of one million described species. The ancestor of hexapods was among the first metazoan lineages to move into a terrestrial environment. Hexapods were also the first lineage to evolve powered flight and remain the only invertebrate lineage to have done so. Hexapods are both exceptionally abundant in many habitats and exceptionally diverse ecologically, with lifestyles ranging from parasitic to agricultural. They also show extensive coevolutionary histories with other taxa, especially flowering plants, which hexapods both pollinate and consume. All of this diversity is achieved within a highly conserved body plan consisting of a segmented head, thorax, and abdomen, which bear an assortment of jointed appendages.
Chapter vignette artwork by Brigitte Baldrian.© Brigitte Baldrian and Andreas Wanninger.
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Notes
- 1.
Developmental model species will be referred to by their generic names in this chapter, except when multiple species from a genus are being discussed. Table 3.1 identifies many of the species commonly used in comparative analyses of hexapod development.
- 2.
By convention in arthropods, gene and mRNA names are italicized, while protein names are not. For genes that were named based on mutant phenotypes, capitalization of gene names indicates whether the originally characterized mutant was dominant or recessive. Protein names are capitalized.
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Acknowledgments
We appreciate feedback on drafts of this manuscript from Andreas Wanninger, Ariel Chipman, and Bernard Goffinet. Andreas Wanninger also provided extensive guidance about the project, along with nearly endless patience and encouragement. The other hexapod chapter authors, Volker Hartenstein and Ariel Chipman, graciously shared drafts of their manuscripts. We thank Doug Emlen, Julia Bowsher, and David Wagner for generously contributing photographs.
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Jockusch, E.L., Smith, F.W. (2015). Hexapoda: Comparative Aspects of Later Embryogenesis and Metamorphosis. In: Wanninger, A. (eds) Evolutionary Developmental Biology of Invertebrates 5. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1868-9_3
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