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Tic Disorders

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Psychiatric Drugs in Children and Adolescents

Abstract

Tics are sudden, abrupt, short, nonrhythmic, repetitive, involuntary movements or vocal productions that serve no recognizable purpose. They wax and wane spontaneously over time and look like fragments of normal movements. Their frequency may increase in situations of stress or challenge and during emotional excitement. The symptomatology is attenuated during sleep and by goal-oriented behavior/concentration. Tics can be voluntarly suppressed for limited periods of time; the sensory-motor phenomena before a tic may be used as signal. Apart from simple movements and vocal impulses, more complex motor (e.g., slapping oneself, hopping, copropraxia = obscene gesturing, echopraxia = imitation of others) and linguistic discharges (such as coprolalia = use of obscene language, palilalia = repetition of the most recently spoken syllables or words and echolalia = repetition of words spoken by others) can also occur. The combination of chronic (lasting longer than a year) vocal and multiple motor tics is termed Tourette syndrome (TS). The indication and choices for pharmaco therapy (e.g., tiapride, risperidone, aripiprazole) within a broader therapeutic framework will be presented, including the pharmacological strategy with comorbid mental disorders like ADHD and OCD.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, TU Dresden, Schubert Str. 42, 01307, Dresden, Germany

    Veit Roessner MD

  2. Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany

    Aribert Rothenberger MD

Authors
  1. Veit Roessner MD
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  2. Aribert Rothenberger MD
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Correspondence to Veit Roessner MD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg Klinik und Poliklinik, Würzburg, Germany

    Manfred Gerlach

  2. Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und, Würzburg, Germany

    Andreas Warnke

  3. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA

    Laurence Greenhill

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Roessner, V., Rothenberger, A. (2014). Tic Disorders. In: Gerlach, M., Warnke, A., Greenhill, L. (eds) Psychiatric Drugs in Children and Adolescents. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1501-5_27

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1501-5_27

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-7091-1500-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-1501-5

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