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Immune Response: Glioma-Associated Immunosuppression

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Glioma Cell Biology

Abstract

Gliomas such as glioblastoma have a complex relationship with the immune system. Glioblastomas have a harshly immunosuppressive microenvironment due in large part to the expression of multiple factors by tumor cells that inhibit T-cell responses. In addition, glioblastomas are heavily infiltrated with monocytic cells. These cells appear to have become immunosuppressive under the influence of the tumor and share characteristics with myeloid-derived suppressor cells. To a lesser degree, gliomas have T-cell infiltrates. Similarly, these largely appear to have adopted the immunosuppressive phenotype of regulatory T cells. Glioblastoma patients also have marked systemic immunosuppression characterized by globally reduced T-cell counts and impaired T-cell function coupled with increased circulating immunosuppressive regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. The relationships between these various immunosuppressive cell populations, their impact on T cells, and their implications for immunotherapies are reviewed in this chapter.

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Abbreviations

APC:

Antigen-presenting cell

BBB:

Blood–brain barrier

CNS:

Central nervous system

CSF:

Colony-stimulating factor-1

EGFR:

Epidermal growth factor receptor

GBM:

Glioblastoma multiforme

HLA:

Human leukocyte antigen

IFN:

Interferon

IL:

Interleukin

LAK:

Lymphokine-activated killer cells

MDSC:

Myeloid-derived suppressor cell

MHC:

Major histocompatibility complex

PG:

Prostaglandin

PTEN:

Phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted from chromosome 10

RANTES:

Regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted, CCL5

STAT:

Signal transducer and activator of transcription signal transduction and transcription

TGF:

Transforming growth factor

TIL:

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes

TNF:

Tumor necrosis factor

Treg :

Regulatory T cell

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial cell growth factor

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA

    Selby Chen & Ian F. Parney

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  1. Selby Chen
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  2. Ian F. Parney
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Correspondence to Ian F. Parney .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, Charles University Prague 1st Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic

    Aleksi Sedo

  2. Anatomisches Institut, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany

    Rolf Mentlein

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Chen, S., Parney, I.F. (2014). Immune Response: Glioma-Associated Immunosuppression. In: Sedo, A., Mentlein, R. (eds) Glioma Cell Biology. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1431-5_8

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