Abstract
This chapter examines the protection of intellectual property from unfair competition in Ukraine. Infringements in this area have now become widespread. The objects of intellectual property rights (such as trademarks, trade names, trade secrets, geographical indications) are a means by which some business entities can obtain illegal benefits by exploiting the reputation of other business entities. In order to maintain or restore their reputation on the market and ensure their competitiveness, business entities pay great attention to monitoring and preventing possible infringements of their intellectual property rights on the market. This, in turn, requires the use of effective remedies. This chapter discusses the general concepts of and the charged relationship between unfair competition and intellectual property, and specific forms of unfair competition with regards to intellectual property rights (i.e. the illegal use of designations, the illegal use of comparative advertising, the dissemination of misleading information, and violations of trade secrets). Since Ukraine became independent, it has become the practice to consider such cases, and this chapter will analyse key cases in detail. Finally, this chapter will discuss the role of and the protection procedure applied by the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine in courts. In the future, all disputes concerning infringements in the field of unfair competition and intellectual property rights will be considered by the High Court on Intellectual Property.
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Notes
- 1.
Ukrainian Law on Protection Against Unfair Competition 1996.
- 2.
Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine, ‘Annual Report’, 2016.
- 3.
Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine, ‘Annual Report’, 2017.
- 4.
Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine, ‘Annual Report’ 2018.
- 5.
Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine, ‘Annual Report’ 2019.
- 6.
Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine, ‘Annual Report’ 2020.
- 7.
Ibid.
- 8.
On the doctrine and application of the Ukrainian Law on Protection Against Unfair Competition; see also Olga Bakalinska, ‘Legal Mechanisms of Protection Against Unfair Competition in Ukraine—Prerequisites, Problems and Trends’ in this Volume.
- 9.
Kyiv Economic Court of Appeal, Decision 21/17-54/220 (2019).
- 10.
Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property 1983, art 10bis(2).
- 11.
Ibid 995 (123).
- 12.
Ukrainian Law on Protection Against Unfair Competition 1996, 236/96-VR, art 28.
- 13.
Mukola Potockyi, ‘Counterfeiting in the Field of Medicines as Unfair Competition’ DD&I IP Agency (17 May 2019) https://uba.ua/documents/text/Potockiy_Mykola.pdf accessed 22 September 2021.
- 14.
Issued by the Plenum of the High Commercial Court of Ukraine on 26 December 2011 on Certain Practical Issues Related to the Application of the Competition Law, 15.
- 15.
See Anna Shtefan and Olga Gurgula, ‘The New Intellectual Property Court in Ukraine: Its Creation and Exclusive Jurisdiction’ in this Volume.
- 16.
Iruna Bezzub, ‘Specialist Court for the Settlement of Intellectual Property Disputes: Foreign Experience and Ukrainian Opportunities’ Social Communications Research Center (11 December 2017) http://www.nbuviap.gov.ua/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3181:spetsializovanij-sud-iz-rozglyadu-sprav-u-sferi-intelektualnoji-vlasnosti&catid=8&Itemid=350 accessed 22 September 2021.
- 17.
Ukrainian Law on Protection Against Unfair Competition 1996, 236/96-BP, art 4.
- 18.
Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine, Decision (2019) 54/19-18.
- 19.
Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine, Decision (2020) 793-p.
- 20.
See Anastasiia Kyrylenko, ‘Why so Few Geographical Indications in Ukraine? Legal, Political and Socio-Economic Perspective’ in this Volume.
- 21.
Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine, Decision (2018) 501-p.
- 22.
Ibid.
- 23.
Ukrainian Supreme Court, Decision 910/17070/18 (2018).
- 24.
Ibid.
- 25.
Ibid.
- 26.
Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine, Decision 02-06/15-2016 (2017).
- 27.
Oleg Dzhurynskyi, ‘Protection Against Unfair Competition’ (2010) Civil Law Aspects,153.
- 28.
See Anna Shtefan and Olga Gurgula, ‘The New Intellectual Property Court in Ukraine: Its Creation and Exclusive Jurisdiction’ in this Volume.
- 29.
Olena Bakalinska, Bogdan Voievodin, Olena Kokhanovska, Nina Saniakhmetova and others were among those involved in research of unfair advertising and general promotion related issues.
- 30.
On 16 September 2014 the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine and the European Parliament simultaneously ratified the Association Agreement. The agreement became effective as of 1 September 2017; see Roman Petrov, ‘The EU–Ukraine Association Agreement as a General Framework of Contemporary EU–Ukraine Relations’ in this Volume.
- 31.
Ukrainian Law on Amending Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine Regarding Harmonization of Legislation in the Field of Comparative Advertising with Laws of the European Union 2019, 286-IX.
- 32.
Parliament and Council Directive 2006/114/EC of 12 December 2006 concerning misleading and comparative advertising (2006) OJ L376/21 (Misleading and Comparative Advertising Directive); Parliament and Council Directive 2005/29/EC of 11 May 2005 concerning unfair business-to-consumer commercial practices in the internal market and amending Council Directive 84/450/EEC, Directives 97/7/EC, 98/27/EC and 2002/65/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and Regulation (EC) No 2006/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council (2005) OJ L149/22.
- 33.
Ukrainian Law on Protection Against Unfair Competition 1996, 236/96-BP, art 7.
- 34.
Ibid.
- 35.
Ibid.
- 36.
Ukrainian Law on Advertising 1996, 270/96-BP.
- 37.
Misleading and Comparative Advertising Directive.
- 38.
Koznova Olexandra, ‘Increased Activity of the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine: A New Reality? (20 January 2021) https://biz.ligazakon.net/analitycs/201058_zrostannya-aktivnost-antimonopolnogo-komtetu-ukrani-nova-realnst accessed 22 December 2021.
- 39.
See Anastasiia Kyrylenko, ‘Why so Few Geographical Indications in Ukraine? Legal, Political and Socio-Economic Perspective’ in this Volume.
- 40.
Prominent academics such as Hennadiy Androshchuk, Oleksandr Bezukh, Yuriy Boshytskyi, Oleg Dzhurynskyi, Yuriy Kapitsa, Anatoliy Kodynets, O. Melnychenko, Yuriy Nosik are among those who have dealt with various unfair competition issues. Academics such as M. Arkhipova, Y. Boshytskyi, Yuriy Kapitsa, Anatoliy Kodynets, Oksana Kovalchuk, Mariia Kovalchuk, Yuriy Melnychenko and others have applied themselves to the academic and theoretical problems of geographical indications.
- 41.
World Intellectual Property Organization, World Intellectual Property Indicators 2019 (WIPO 2019) 179.
- 42.
Ukrainian Law on Legal Protection of Geographical Indications 1999, 752-XIV.
- 43.
The agreement was signed between the CIS countries and ratified by Ukraine on 21 September 2000.
- 44.
Agreement on Measures for the Prevention and Repression of the Use of False Trademarks and Geographical Indications 1999, 997(225).
- 45.
Ukrainian Law on Protection Against Unfair Competition 1996, 236/96-BP, art 15.
- 46.
Oksana Kovalchuk, ‘Intellectual Property Right for the Geographical Indications in Ukraine and Member States of the European Union’ (2014), 200.
- 47.
Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine, Decision (2017) 670-p.
- 48.
Under Didi Godori, Grandpa Valiko (Dedushka Valiko in Russian), Mountain wine (Hornoye vino in Russian), Tellavani, Jorgewine, Kakhetipremium, LAZURI (both in Ukrainian and English) and Alaverdi (both in Ukrainian and English) trademarks.
- 49.
Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine, Decision (2017) 670-p.
- 50.
‘With Thoughts About Supermarkets and New Year, Producer of Caviar Lies on the Label “Kamchatskaia Zernierstaia”—AMCU (2019)’ Our Money (10 December 2019) https://nashigroshi.org/2019/12/10/z-dumkamy-pro-supermarkety-i-novyy-rik-vyrobnyk-ikry-breshe-na-etyketkakh-kamchatskay-ziernistay-amku/ accessed 22 December 2021.
- 51.
Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine, Decision (2020) 740-p.
- 52.
Ibid.
- 53.
On the regulation of trade secrets in Ukraine, see also Olga Bakalinska, ‘Legal Mechanisms of Protection Against Unfair Competition in Ukraine—Prerequisites, Problems and Trends’ in this Volume.
- 54.
Ordinance of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine on the Approval of the Concept of the Ukrainian Draft Law on Protection of Trade Secrets 2008, 1404-p.
- 55.
Ibid.
- 56.
Association Agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other part (2014) OJ L161/3 (EU–Ukraine Association Agreement), 984 (11).
- 57.
Kharkiv Region District Court, Decision 922/356/17 (2017); Shevchenkivskiy District Court of Kyiv Decision 761/29788/14-ц (2015).
- 58.
Ukrainian Law on Protection Against Unfair Competition 1996, 236/96-BP.
- 59.
Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine, Decision 30-p/tk (2018).
- 60.
Ibid.
- 61.
Ibid.
References
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Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine, ‘Annual Report’ 2019
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Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine, ‘Annual Report’, 2017
Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine, ‘Annual Report’, 2016
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Koznova Olexandra ‘Increased Activity of the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine: A New Reality?’ (20 January 2021) https://biz.ligazakon.net/analitycs/201058_zrostannya-aktivnost-antimonopolnogo-komtetu-ukrani-nova-realnst [Кознова Олександра ‘Зpocтaння Aктивнocтi Aнтимoнoпoльнoгo Кoмiтeтy Укpaїни: Hoвa Peaльнicть?’ (20 січня 2021)]
Mukola Potockyi, ‘Counterfeiting in the Field of Medicines as Unfair Competition’ DD&I IP Agency (17 May 2019) https://uba.ua/documents/text/Potockiy_Mykola.pdf [Микола Потоцький, ‘Кoнтpaфaкцiя y Cфepi Лiкapcькиx Зacoбiв, як Heдoбpocoвicнa Кoнкypeнцiя’ DD&I IP Agency (17 травня 2019)]
World Intellectual Property Organization, ‘World Intellectual Property Indicators 2019’ (WIPO 2019)
‘With Thoughts About Supermarkets and New Year, Producer of Caviar Lies on the Label “Kamchatskaia Zernierstaia” – AMCU (2019)’ Our Money (10 December 2019) https://nashigroshi.org/2019/12/10/z-dumkamy-pro-supermarkety-i-novyy-rik-vyrobnyk-ikry-breshe-na-etyketkakh-kamchatskay-ziernistay-amku/ [‘З Дyмкaми пpo Cyпepмapкeти i Hoвий Piк, Bиpoбник Iкpи Бpeшe нa Eтикeткax “Кaмчaтcкaй Зєpнicтaй” – AMКУ (2019)’ Наші гроші (10 грудня 2019)]
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Kronda, O. (2023). Protecting Intellectual Property Rights from Unfair Competition in Ukraine. In: Richter, H. (eds) Competition and Intellectual Property Law in Ukraine. MPI Studies on Intellectual Property and Competition Law, vol 31. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-66101-7_11
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