Abstract
Diseases of the male genitalia include dermatoses and neoplasias of the skin and pathological changes of deeper anatomical structures, such as the tunica albuginea of the corpora cavernosa in induratio penis plastica or congenital anomalies such as hypospadias or epispadias. Urethritides also fall under this disease group, but are described in detail elsewhere. Skin changes on the glans penis, foreskin, or scrotum can be inflammatory, infectious, and thus sexually transmitted, benign or malignant, and partly without clinical relevance (e.g., papillae coronae glandis). It can also be the genital manifestation of generalized dermatoses (e.g., psoriasis vulgaris and lichen ruber planus) or specific skin changes that only occur in the genital area (e.g., balanitis chronica circumscripta benigna plasmacellularis). Owing to the demographic development with an increasing proportion of older people, the occurrence of penile skin diseases in this age group will be of particular importance. Changes in the genitals can significantly affect the sexuality of affected patients. This aspect should therefore be addressed in the context of dermatological clarification and treatment.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Diseases of the Penis
Albero G, Castellsagué X, Giuliano AR, Bosch FX (2012) Male circumcision and genital human papillomavirus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sex Transm Dis 39:104–113
Berdeu D, Sauze L, Ha-Vinh P, Blum-Boisgard C (2001) Cost-effectiveness analysis of treatments for phimosis: a comparison of surgical and medicinal approaches and their economic effect. BJU Int 87:239–244
Bunker CB (2001) Topics in penile dermatology. Clin Exp Dermatol 26:469–479
Castellsagué X, Bosch FX, Muñoz N et al (2002) Male circumcision, penile human papillomavirus infection, and cervical cancer in female partners. N Engl J Med 346:1105–1112
Child FJ, Kim BK, Ganesan R et al (2000) Verrucous carcinoma arising in pseudoepitheliomatous keratotic and micaceous balanitis, without evidence of human papillomavirus. Br J Dermatol 143:183–187
Chung JM, Park CS, Lee SD (2019) Microbiology of smegma: prospective comparative control study. Investig Clin Urol 60:127–132
Edwards SK, Bunker CB, Ziller F, van der Meijden WI (2014) 2013 European guideline for the management of balanoposthitis. Int J STD AIDS 25:615–626
Fergus KB, Lee AW, Baradaran N, Cohen AJ, Stohr BA, Erickson BA, Mmonu NA, Breyer BN (2020) Pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment of lichen sclerosus: a systematic review. Urology 135:11–19
Kang BS, Lee SD, Park YM et al (2010) Is recurrent pseudoepitheliomatous keratotic balanitis related to human papillomavirus infection? Acta Derm Venereol 90:208–209
Kantere D, Löwhagen GB, Alvengren G et al (2014) The clinical spectrum of lichen sclerosus in male patients – a retrospective study. Acta Derm Venereol 94:542–546
Kirtschig G, Becker K, Günthert A et al (2015) Evidence-based (S3) guideline on (anogenital) lichen sclerosus. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 29:1–43
Köhn FM, Schultheiss D, Krämer-Schultheiss K (2016a) Hauterkrankungen am äußeren männlichen Genitale – Teil 1. Urologe A 55:829–842
Köhn FM, Schultheiss D, Krämer-Schultheiss K (2016b) Hauterkrankungen am äußeren männlichen Genitale – Teil 2: infektiöse und maligne Hauterkrankungen. Urologe A 55:981–996
Kominsky H, Beebe S, Shah N, Jenkins LC (2020) Surgical reconstruction for penile fracture: a systematic review. Int J Impot Res 32:75–80
Krishnaratne S, Hensen B, Cordes J et al (2016) Interventions to strengthen the HIV prevention cascade: a systematic review of reviews. Lancet HIV 3:307–317
Lee MA, Cohen PR (2017) Zoon balanitis revisited: report of balanitis circumscripta plasmacellularis resolving with topical Mupirocin ointment monotherapy. J Drugs Dermatol 16:285–287
Lenane P, Keane CO, Connell BO et al (2000) Genital melanotic macules: clinical, histologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features. J Am Acad Dermatol 42:640–644
Mahto M, Woolley PD, Ashworth J (2004) Pigmented penile macules. Int J STD AIDS 15:717–719
Martínez-Rodríguez R, Ponce de León J, Caparrós J, Villavicencio H (2009) Fournier's gangrene: a monographic urology center experience with twenty patients. Urol Int 83:323–328
Morris BJ, Matthews JG, Krieger JN (2020) Prevalence of phimosis in males of all ages: systematic review. Urology 135:124–132
Nasca MR, Innocenzi D, Micali G (1999) Penile cancer among patients with genital lichen sclerosus. J Am Acad Dermatol 41:911–914
Nehra A, Alterowitz R, Culkin DJ, Faraday MM, Hakim LS, Heidelbaugh JJ, Khera M, Kirkby E, McVary KT, Miner MM, Nelson CJ, Sadeghi-Nejad H, Seftel AD, Shindel AW, Burnett AL (2015) Peyronie’s disease: AUA Guideline. J Urol 194:745–753
Nguyen ATM, Holland AJA (2020) Balanitis xerotica obliterans: an update for clinicians. Eur J Pediatr 179:9–16
Pow-Sang MR, Ferreira U, Pow-Sang JM et al (2010) Epidemiology and natural history of penile cancer. Urology 76(Suppl 1):2–6
Pugliese JM, Morey AF, Peterson AC (2007) Lichen sclerosus: review of the literature and current recommendations for management. J Urol 178:2268–2276
Rosen T, Hwong H (2003) Sclerosing lymphangitis of the penis. J Am Acad Dermatol 49:916–918
Schaeffer AJ, Burnett AL (2012) Non-surgical interventions for Peyronie's disease: 2011 update. J Androl 33:3–14
Van Howe RS, Hodges FM (2006) The carcinogenicity of smegma: debunking a myth. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 20:1046–1054
Weiss HA, Larke N, Halperin D, Schenker I (2010) Complications of circumcision in male neonates, infants and children: a systematic review. BMC Urol 10:2–13
Weyers W, End Y, Schalla W, Diaz-Cascajo C (2002) Balanitis of Zoon: a clinicopathologic study of 45 cases. Am J Dermatopathol 24:459–467
Zavras N, Christianakis E, Mpourikas D, Ereikat K (2009) Conservative treatment of phimosis with fluticasone proprionate 0.05%: a clinical study in 1185 boys. J Pediatr Urol 5:181–185
Diseases of the Scrotum
Halb C, Eschard C, Lefebvre F et al (2010) Acute idiopathic scrotal oedema in young boys: a report of ten cases and a review of the literature. Ann Dermatol Venereol 137:775–781
Murphy MJ, Kogan B, Carlson JA (2001) Granulomatous lymphangitis of the scrotum and penis. J Cutan Pathol 28:419–424
Sadowsky LM, Socik A, Burnes A, Rhodes AR (2019) Genital angiokeratomas in adult men and women: prevalence and predisposing factors. J Cutan Med Surg 23:513–518
Vauth F, Vogel S, Hofmann A, Rösch WH (2020) Das idiopathische Skrotalödem – eine unterschätzte Differentialdiagnose des akuten Skrotums. Urologe A 59:266–270
Wollina U (2011) Red scrotum syndrome. J Dermatol Case Rep 5:38–41
First Describer
Berdal H, Bataille A (1891) La balano-posthite érosive circinée. Med Mod II:340–342; 380–384; 400–403; 413–418
Braun-Falco O (1953) Über strangförmige, oberflächliche Phlebitiden (At the same time a contribution to the knowledge of Mondor's disease). Dermatol Wochenschr 127:506–518
Fetsch JF, Brinsko RW, Davis CJ Jr et al (2000) A distinctive myointimal proliferation (‘myointimoma’) involving the corpus spongiosum of the glans penis: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis of 10 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 4:1524–1530
Fisher BK (1997) The red scrotum syndrome. Cutis 60:139–141
Fournier JA (1883) Gangrène foudroyante de la verge. La Semaine Med 3:345–347
Hoffmann E (1923) Über nicht venerische plastische Lymphangitis im Sulcus coronarius penis mit umschriebenem Ödem. Dermatol 78:24–27
Johnson BL, Baxter DL (1964) Pearly penile papules. Arch Dermatol 90:166–167
Lortat-Jacob E, Civatte J (1961) Balanite pseudo-épithéliomateuse, kératosique et micacée. Bull Soc Fr Dermatol 68:164–167
Qvist O (1956) Swelling of the scrotum in infants and children and nonspecific epididymitis. Study of 158 cases. Acta Chir Scand 110:417–421
Smetana HF, Bernhard W (1950) Sclerosing lipogranuloma. Arch Pathol (Chicago) 50:296–325
Stühmer A (1928) Balanitis xerotica obliterans (post operationem) und ihre Beziehungen zur Kraurosis glandis et praeputii. Arch Dermatol Syph 156:613–623
Westermark P, Henriksson TG (1979) Granulomatous inflammation of the vulva and penis – a genital counterpart to cheilitis granulomatosa. Dermatologica 158:269–274
Zoon JJ (1972) Balanoposthite chronicle circonscrite benigna à plasmocytes. Dermatologica 105:1–7
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature
About this entry
Cite this entry
Köhn, FM., Schuppe, HC. (2022). Diseases of the Male Genitalia. In: Plewig, G., French, L., Ruzicka, T., Kaufmann, R., Hertl, M. (eds) Braun-Falco´s Dermatology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-63709-8_79
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-63709-8_79
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-63708-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-63709-8
eBook Packages: MedicineReference Module Medicine