Skip to main content

Diseases of Sweat Glands

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
Braun-Falco´s Dermatology
  • 139 Accesses

Abstract

Like no other mammal, humans have eccrine sweat glands that are distributed over the entire skin and effectively protect against heat accumulation. Axillary and genitoanal apocrine sweat glands are found, which release fragrances with pheromone-like effects from puberty onward. Pathological sweating (hyperhidrosis) can occur as a purely functional disorder with no recognizable cause (primary) or as a result of other diseases (secondary) and cause considerable psychosocial problems. A lack of sweating (anhidrosis), on the other hand, can lead to life-threatening overheating. Pathological odor formation (bromhidrosis) and discoloration of the sweat (chromhidrosis) are also possible. Inflammatory diseases with histologically recognizable changes include miliaria and neutrophilic hidradenitis. In addition to hair, nail, or tooth defects, rare genetic defects can also lead to alteration of the sweat glands.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

References

Anatomy and Physiology

  • Gerrett N, Griggs K, Redortier B, Voelcker T, Kondo N, Havenith G (2018) Sweat from gland to skin surface: production, transport, and skin absorption. J Appl Physiol 125:459–469

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Groscurth P (2002) Anatomy of sweat glands. Curr Probl Dermatol 30:1–9

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sato K, Kang WH, Saga K et al (1989) Biology of sweat glands and their disorders. I. Normal sweat gland function. J Am Acad Dermatol 20:537–563

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wyatt TD (2015) The search for human pheromones: the lost decades and the necessity of returning to first principles. Proc Biol Sci 282:20142994

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hyperhidrosis and Hypohidrosis

  • Bahar R, Zhou P, Liu Y et al (2016) The prevalence of anxiety and depression in patients with or without hyperhidrosis (HH). J Am Acad Dermatol 75:1126–1133

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bundesamt für Risikobewertung (2014) Aluminiumhaltige Antitranspirantien tragen zur Aufnahme von Aluminium bei. Stellungnahme Nr. 007/2014. http://www.bfr.bund.de

  • Cruddas L, Baker DM (2017) Treatment of primary hyperhidrosis with oral anticholinergic medications: a systematic review. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 31:952–963 https://doi.org/10.1111/jdr.14081

  • Doolittle J, Walker P, Mills T et al (2016) Hyperhidrosis: an update on prevalence and severity in the United States. Arch Dermatol Res 308:743–749

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Du Q, Lin M, Yang JH et al (2016) Overexpression of AQP5 was detected in axillary sweat glands of primary focal hyperhidrosis patients. Dermatology 232:150–155

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grabell DA, Hebert AA (2017) Current and emerging medical therapies for primary hyperhidrosis. Dermatol Ther 7:25–36

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heckmann M, Ceballos-Baumann AO, Plewig G (2001) Botulinum toxin A for axillary hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating). N Engl J Med 344:488–493

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hoorens I, Ongenae K (2012) Primary focal hyperhidrosis: current treatment options and a step-by-step approach. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 26(1):18

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rzany B, Bechara FG, Feise K, Heckmann M, Rapprich S, Worle B (2018) Update of the S1 guidelines on the definition and treatment of primary hyperhidrosis. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 16:945–952

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schick CH, Grallath T, Schick KS et al (2016) Radiofrequency thermotherapy for treating axillary hyperhidrosis. Dermatol Surg 42:624–630

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shayesteh A, Boman J, Janlert U et al (2016) Primary hyperhidrosis: implications on symptoms, daily life, health and alcohol consumption when treated with botulinum toxin. J Dermatol 43:928–933

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tu Y, Luo R, Li X et al (2012) Hypermyelination and overexpression of neuregulin-1 in thoracic sympathetic nerves in patients with primary palmar hyperhidrosis. J Clin Neurosci 19:1651–1653

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Walling HW (2011) Clinical differentiation of primary from secondary hyperhidrosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 64:690–695

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bromhidrosis and Chromhidrosis

  • Guillet G, Zampetti A, Aballain CM (2000) Correlation between bacterial population and axillary and plantar bromidrosis: study of 30 patients. Eur J Dermatol 10:41–42

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Heckmann M, Kutt S, Dittmar S et al (2007) Making scents: improvement of olfactory profile after botulinum toxin-A treatment in healthy individuals. Dermatol Surg 33:81–87

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Messenger J, Clark S, Massick S et al (2013) A review of trimethylaminuria: (fish odor syndrome). J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 6:45–48

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Semkova K, Gergovska M, Kazandjieva J et al (2015) Hyperhidrosis, bromhidrosis, and chromhidrosis: fold (intertriginous) dermatoses. Clin Dermatol 33:483–491

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y, Sun P, Leng X, Dong Z, Bi M, Chen Z (2019) A new type of surgery for the treatment of bromhidrosis. Medicine (Baltimore) 98:e15865

    Article  Google Scholar 

Inflammatory Diseases of the Sweat Glands

  • Beham A, Strom K, Weigl LB et al (2002) Die rekurrierende palmoplantare Hidradenitis im Kindesalter. Hautarzt 53:34–36

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Copaescu AM, Castilloux JF, Chababi-Atallah M et al (2013) A classic clinical case: neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis. Case Rep Dermatol 5:340–346

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Fujita K, Hatta K (2013) Acquired generalized anhidrosis: review of the literature and report of a case with lymphocytic hidradenitis and sialadenitis successfully treated with cyclosporine. Dermatology 227:270–277

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Haque MS, Hailu T, Pritchett E et al (2013) The oldest new finding in atopic dermatitis: subclinical miliaria as an origin. JAMA Dermatol 149:436–438

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Scheer HS, Kamarashev J, Weibel L (2012) Successful treatment of recurrent idiopathic plantar eccrine hidradenitis with colchicine. Arch Dermatol 148:1357–1359

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Story SG, Beschloss JK, Dolan CK et al (2012) Eccrine squamous syringometaplasia associated with vemurafenib therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol 67:e208–e210

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Takahagi S, Tanaka A, Hide M (2018) Sweat allergy. Allergol Int 67:435–441

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tey HL, Tay EY, Cao T (2015) In vivo imaging of miliaria profunda using high-definition optical coherence tomography: diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment. JAMA Dermatol 151:346–348

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

First Describer

  • Fox GH, Fordyce JA (1902) Two cases of a rare papular disease affecting the axillary region. J Cutan Genit Dis 20:1–5

    Google Scholar 

  • Frey L (1923) Le syndrome du nerf auriculo-temporal. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2:97–104

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrist TJ, Fine JD, Berman RS et al (1982) Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis. A distinctive type of neutrophilic dermatosis associated with myelogenous leukemia and chemotherapy. Arch Dermatol 118:263–266

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Helweg-Larsen HF, Ludvigsen K (1946) Congenital familial anhidrosis and neurolabyrinthitis. Acta Derm Venereol 26:489–505

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Humbert JR, Hammond KB, Hathaway WE et al (1970) Trimethylaminuria: the fish-odour syndrome. Lancet 2:770–771

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hurt MA, Halvorson RD, Petr FC Jr et al (1990) Eccrine squamous syringometaplasia. A cutaneous sweat gland reaction in the histologic spectrum of ‘chemotherapy-associated eccrine hidradenitis’ and ‘neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis’. Arch Dermatol 126:73–77

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jadassohn J (1901) Ueber eine eigenartige Erkrankung der Nasenhaut bei Kindern (“Granulosis rubra nasi”). Arch Dermatol Syph (German) 58:145–158

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kasraee B, Masouye I, Piguet V (2009) Playstation palmar hidradenitis. Br J Dermatol 160:881–898

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lance JW, Drummond PD, Gandevia SC et al (1988) Harlequin syndrome: the sudden onset of unilateral flushing and sweating. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 51:635–642

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Leroy de Méricourt A (1864) Mémoire sur la chromhidrose ou chromochrinie cutanée. Baillière, Paris

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson AF (1884) Miliaria and sudamina. J Cutan Venereol Dis 2:362–365

    Google Scholar 

  • Ross AT (1958) Selective sudomotor denervations. Neurology 8:809–817

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stahr BJ, Cooper PH, Caputo RV (1994) Idiopathic plantar hidradenitis: a neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis occurring primary in children. J Cutan Pathol 21:289–296

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Marc Heckmann .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Section Editor information

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Heckmann, M. (2022). Diseases of Sweat Glands. In: Plewig, G., French, L., Ruzicka, T., Kaufmann, R., Hertl, M. (eds) Braun-Falco´s Dermatology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-63709-8_72

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-63709-8_72

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-63708-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-63709-8

  • eBook Packages: MedicineReference Module Medicine

Publish with us

Policies and ethics