Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Akutes Koronarsyndrom

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Klinische Kardiologie

Part of the book series: Springer Reference Medizin ((SRM))

  • 1121 Accesses

Zusammenfassung

Ein akutes Koronarsyndrom (kurz ACS) wird durch eine akute Minderperfusion des Myokards verursacht. Das ACS umfasst den ST-Hebungs-Infarkt (STEMI) und den Nicht-ST-Hebungs-Infarkt (NSTEMI) sowie die instabile Angina pectoris. Ursachen für ein ACS sind in der Regel vulnerable atherosklerotische Plaques, die über Plaqueerosionen oder -rupturen zu koronaren Thrombosen führen. Klinisch äußert sich ein ACS typischerweise durch einen pektanginösen Thoraxschmerz, gelegentlich verbunden mit vegetativen Symptomen. Nur eine Myokardschädigung mit Zeichen einer myokardialen Ischämie wird als Myokardinfarkt bezeichnet. Die Unterscheidung in STEMI und Nicht-ST-Hebungs-ACS (NSTE-ACS) ist von großer Bedeutung für die Akuttherapie: Sie erfordert beim STEMI eine schnelle invasive Koronardiagnostik und Reperfusion. Beim NSTE-ACS ist das Vorgehen abhängig von der Risikokonstellation des Patienten. Alle ACS-Patienten benötigen eine dauerhafte antithrombotische Therapie, die mit einer einjährigen dualen Plättchenhemmung beginnt. Außerdem werden hoch dosierte Statine zur LDL-Senkung und β-Blocker zur Kardioprotektion eingesetzt.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 239.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Literatur

  • Agewall S, Beltrame JF, Reynolds HR, Niessner A, Rosano G, Caforio ALP, De Caterina R, Zimarino M, Roffi M, Kjeldsen K, Atar D, Kaski JC, Sechtem U, Tornvall P, on behalf of the WG on Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy (2017) ESC working group position paper on myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries. Eur Heart J 38(3):143–153. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehw149

  • Allali A, Traboulsi H, Sulimov DS, Abdel-Wahab M, Woitek F, Mangner N, Hemetsberger R, Mankerious N, Elbasha K, Toelg R, Richardt G (2021) Feasibility and safety of minimal-contrast IVUS-guided rotational atherectomy for complex calcified coronary artery disease. Clin Res Cardiol 110(10):1668–1679.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-021-01906-y. Epub 2021 Jul 13. PMID: 34255133

  • Bouisset F, Ruidavets JB, Dallongeville J, Moitry M, Montaye M, Biasch K, Ferrières J (2021) Comparison of short- and long-term prognosis between ST-elevation and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction. J Clin Med 10(2):180. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10020180

  • Brandt JT, Payne CD, Wiviott SD, Weerakkody G, Farid NA, Small DS, Jakubowski JA, Naganuma H, Winters KJ (2007) A comparison of prasugrel and clopidogrel loading doses on platelet function: magnitude of platelet inhibition is related to active metabolite formation. Am Heart J 153(1):66.e9-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2006.10.010. PMID: 17174640.

  • Collet JP, Thiele H, Barbato E, Barthélémy O, Bauersachs J, Bhatt DL, Dendale P, Dorobantu M, Edvardsen T, Folliguet T, Gale CP, Gilard M, Jobs A, Jüni P, Lambrinou E, Lewis BS, Mehilli J, Meliga E, Merkely B, Mueller C, Roffi M, Rutten FH, Sibbing D, Siontis GCM, ESC Scientific Document Group (2021) 2020 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation: The Task Force for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 42(14):1289–1367. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa575

  • De Filippis AP, Chapman AR, Mills NL, de Lemos JA, Arbab-Zadeh A, Newby LK, Morrow DA (2019) Assessment and treatment of patients with type 2 myocardial infarction and acute nonischemic myocardial injury. Circulation 140:1661–1678. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.040631

  • De Lemos JA, Newby LK, Mills NL (2019) A Proposal for Modest Revision of the Definition of Type 1 and Type 2 Myocardial Infarction. Circulation 144(22):1773–1775. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.042157

  • De Torbal A, Boersma E, Kors JA, van Herpen G, Deckers JW, van der Kuip DA, Stricker BH, Hofman A, Witteman JC (2006) Incidence of recognized and unrecognized myocardial infarction in men and women aged 55 and older: the Rotterdam Study. Eur Heart J 27(6):729–736. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehi707

  • DGK, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kardiologie – Herz-und Kreislaufforschung e.V. (2018) ESC Pocket Guidelines. Therapie des akuten Herzinfarktes bei Patienten mit ST-Streckenhebung (STEMI), Version 2017. Kelm et al., Börm Bruckmeier Verlag GmbH, Grünwald Kurzfassung der “ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation” (European Heart Journal 2018. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehx393)

  • DGK, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kardiologie – Herz-und Kreislaufforschung e.V. (2019) ESC Pocket Guidelines. 4. Definition des Myokardinfarkts. Version 2018. Katus et al., Börm Bruckmeier Verlag GmbH, Grünwald Kurzfassung des Joint ESC/ACC/AHA/WHF Expert Consensus Document on the 2018 Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction (European Heart Journal 2018. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehy462).

  • DGK, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kardiologie – Herz-und Kreislaufforschung e.V. (2020) ESC Pocket Guidelines. Chronisches Koronarsyndrom, Version 2019. Möllmann et al., Börm Bruckmeier Verlag GmbH, Grünwald. Kurzfassung der 2019 ESC Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of chronic coronary syndromes. (European Heart Journal 2019. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz425).

  • DGK, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kardiologie – Herz- und Kreislaufforschung e.V. (2020) ESC Pocket Guidelines. Akutes Koronarsyndrom ohne ST-Strecken-Hebung (NSTE-ACS). Thiele et al., Börm Bruckmeier Verlag GmbH, Grünwald. Kurzfassung der 2020 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation. (European Heart Journal 2020. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa575)

  • Engstrom T, Kelbaek H, Helqvist S, Hofsten DE, Klovgaard L, Holmvang L, Jorgensen E, Pedersen F, Saunamaki K, Clemmensen P, De Backer O, Ravkilde J, Tilsted HH, Villadsen AB, Aaroe J, Jensen SE, Raungaard B, Kober L (2015) Complete revascularisation versus treatment of the culprit lesion only in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and multivessel disease (DANAMI-3-PRIMULTI): an open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 386:665–671

    Google Scholar 

  • Erdmann (Hrsg) (2011) Klinische Kardiologie, 8. Aufl. Springer, Berlin. ISBN 978-3-642-16480-4

    Google Scholar 

  • Fibrinolytic Therapy Trialists’ (FTT) Collaborative Group (1994) Indications for fibrinolytic therapy in suspected acute myocardial infarction: collaborative overview of early mortality and major morbidity results from all randomised trials of more than 1000 patients. Lancet 343(8893):311–322

    Google Scholar 

  • Gershlick AH, Khan JN, Kelly DJ, Greenwood JP, Sasikaran T, Curzen N, Blackman DJ, Dalby M, Fairbrother KL, Banya W, Wang D, Flather M, Hetherington SL, Kelion AD, Talwar S, Gunning M, Hall R, Swanton H, McCann GP (2015) Randomized trial of complete versus lesion-only revascularization in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention for STEMI and multivessel disease: the CvLPRIT trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 65:963–972

    Google Scholar 

  • Gesundheitsberichterstattung des Bundes. Sterbefälle, Sterbeziffer, Ränge, Anteile der häufigsten Todesursachen (ab 1998). https://www.gbe-bund.de/gbe/pkg_isgbe5.prc_menu_olap?p_uid=gastd&p_aid=3897125&p_sprache=D&p_help=0&p_indnr=516&p_indsp=4065&p_ityp=H&p_fid=. Zugegriffen am 11.07.2021

  • Ghadri JR, Wittstein IS, Prasad A, Sharkey S, Dote K, Akashi YJ, Cammann VL, Crea F, Galiuto L, Desmet W, Yoshida T, Manfredini R, Eitel I, Kosuge M, Nef HM, Deshmukh A, Lerman A, Bossone E, Citro R, Ueyama T, Corrado D, Kurisu S, Ruschitzka F, Winchester D, Lyon AR, Omerovic E, Bax JJ, Meimoun P, Tarantini G, Rihal C, Y-Hassan S, Migliore F, Horowitz JD, Shimokawa H, Lüscher TF, Templin C (2018) International Expert Consensus Document on Takotsubo Syndrome (Part I): Clinical characteristics, diagnostic criteria, an pathophysiology. Eur Heart J 39(22):2032–2046

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghadri JR, Wittstein IS, Prasad A, Sharkey S, Dote K, Akashi YJ, Cammann VL, Crea F, Galiuto L, Desmet W, Yoshida T, Manfredini R, Eitel I, Kosuge M, Nef HM, Deshmukh A, Lerman A, Bossone E, Citro R, Ueyama T, Corrado D, Kurisu S, Ruschitzka F, Winchester D, Lyon AR, Omerovic E, Bax JJ, Meimoun P, Tarantini G, Rihal C, Y-Hassan S, Migliore F, Horowitz JD, Shimokawa H, Lüscher TF, Templin C (2018) International Expert Consensus Document on Takotsubo Syndrome (Part II): Diagnostic workup, outcome, and management. Eur Heart J 39(22):2047–2062

    Google Scholar 

  • Gorenek B, Blomstrom Lundqvist C, Brugada Terradellas J, Camm AJ, Hindricks G, Huber K, Kirchhof P, Kuck KH, Kudaiberdieva G, Lin T, Raviele A, Santini M, Tilz RR, Valgimigli M, Vos MA, Vrints C, Zeymer U, Lip GY, Potpara T, Fauchier L, Sticherling C, Roffi M, Widimsky P, Mehilli J, Lettino M, Schiele F, Sinnaeve P, Boriani G, Lane D, Savelieva I, European Heart Rhythm Association, Acute Cardiovascular Care Association, European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (2014) Cardiac arrhythmias in acute coronary syndromes: position paper from the joint EHRA, ACCA, and EAPCI task force. Europace 16(11):1655–1673

    Google Scholar 

  • Gurbel PA, Bliden KP, Butler K, Tantry US, Gesheff T, Wei C, Teng R, Antonino MJ, Patil SB, Karunakaran A, Kereiakes DJ, Parris C, Purdy D, Wilson V, Ledley GS, Storey RF (2009) Randomized double-blind assessment of the ONSET and OFFSET of the antiplatelet effects of ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with stable coronary artery disease: the ONSET/OFFSET study. Circulation 120(25):2577–2585. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.912550. Epub 2009 Nov 18. PMID: 19923168

  • Hayes SN, Kim ESH, Saw J, Adlam D, Arslanian-Engoren C, Economy KE, Ganesh SK, Gulati R, Lindsay ME, Mieres JH, Naderi S, Shah S, Thaler DE, Tweet MS, Wood MJ (2018) American Heart Association Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease; Council on Clinical Cardiology; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; Council on Genomic and Precision Medicine; and Stroke Council. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection: Current state of the science: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 137(19):e523–e557

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmvang L, Clemmensen P, Lindahl B, Lagerqvist B, Venge P, Wagner G, Wallentin L, Grande P (2003) Quantitative analysis of the admission electrocardiogram identifies patients with unstable coronary artery disease who benefit the most from early invasive treatment. J Am Coll Cardiol 41:905–915

    Google Scholar 

  • Hvelplund A, Galatius S, Madsen M, Rasmussen JN, Rasmussen S, Madsen JK, Sand NP, Tilsted HH, Thayssen P, Sindby E, Hojbjerg S, Abildstrom SZ (2010) Women with acute coronary syndrome are less invasively examined and subsequently less treated than men. Eur Heart J 31(6):684–690

    Google Scholar 

  • Ibanez B, James S, Agewall S, Antunes MJ, Bucciarelli-Ducci C, Bueno H, Caforio ALP, Crea F, Goudevenos JA, Halvorsen S, Hindricks G, Kastrati A, Lenzen MJ, Prescott E, Roffi M, Valgimigli M, Varenhorst C, Vranckx P and Widimsky P (2018) 2017 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation: The Task Force for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 39(2):119–177. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehx393. PMID: 28886621

  • Iglesias JF, Muller O, Heg D, Roffi M, Kurz DJ, Moarof I, Weilenmann D, Kaiser C, Tapponnier M, Stortecky S, Losdat S, Eeckhout E, Valgimigli M, Odutayo A, Zwahlen M, Jüni P, Windecker S, Pilgrim T (2019) Biodegradable polymer sirolimus-eluting stents versus durable polymer everolimus-eluting stents in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (BIOSTEMI): a single-blind, prospective, randomised superiority trial. Lancet 394(10205):1243–1253

    Google Scholar 

  • James S, Budaj A, Aylward P, Buck KK, Cannon CP, Cornel JH, Harrington RA, Horrow J, Katus H, Keltai M, Lewis BS, Parikh K, Storey RF, Szummer K, Wojdyla D, Wallentin L (2010) Ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in acute coronary syndromes in relation to renal function: results from the Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes (PLATO) trial. Circulation 122(11):1056–1067. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.933796. Epub 2010 Aug 30. PMID: 20805430

  • Jennings RB, Reimer KA (1983) Factors involved in salvaging ischemic myocardium: effect of reperfusion of arterial blood. Circulation 68:I25–36

    Google Scholar 

  • Jia H, Abtahian F, Aguirre AD, Lee S, Chia S, Lowe H, Kato K, Yonetsu T, Vergallo R, Hu S, Tian J, Lee H, Park SJ, Jang YS, Raffel OC, Mizuno K, Uemura S, Itoh T, Kakuta T, Choi SY, Dauerman HL, Prasad A, Toma C, McNulty I, Zhang S, Yu B, Fuster V, Narula J, Virmani R, Jang IK (2013) In vivo diagnosis of plaque erosion and calcified nodule in patients with acute coronary syndrome by intravascular optical coherence tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol 62:1748–1758

    Google Scholar 

  • Jolly SS, James S, Dzavik V, Cairns JA, Mahmoud KD, Zijlstra F, Yusuf S,Olivecrona GK, Renlund H, Gao P, Lagerqvist B, Alazzoni A, Kedev S, Stankovic G, Meeks B, Frobert O (2017) Thrombus aspiration in ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction. An individual patient meta-analysis: Thrombectomy TrialistsCollaboration. Circulation 135(2):143–152

    Google Scholar 

  • Keeley EC, Boura JA, Grines CL (2003) Primary angioplasty versus intravenous thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: a quantitative review of 23 randomised trials. Lancet 361(9351):13–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelbæk H, Høfsten DE, Køber L, Helqvist S, Kløvgaard L, Holmvang L, Jørgensen E, Pedersen F, Saunamäki K, De Backer O, Bang LE, Kofoed KF, Lønborg J, Ahtarovski K, Vejlstrup N, Bøtker HE, Terkelsen CJ, Christiansen EH, Ravkilde J, Tilsted HH, Villadsen AB, Aarøe J, Jensen SE, Raungaard B, Jensen LO, Clemmensen P, Grande P, Madsen JK, Torp-Pedersen C, Engstrom T (2016) Deferred versus conventional stent implantation in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (DANAMI 3-DEFER): an open-label, randomized controlled trial. Lancet 387(10034):2199–2206. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30072-1

  • Knuuti J, William Wijns, Antti Saraste, Davide Capodanno, Emanuele Barbato, Christian Funck-Brentano, Eva Prescott, Robert F Storey, Christi Deaton, Thomas Cuisset, Stefan Agewall, Kenneth Dickstein, Thor Edvardsen, Javier Escaned, Bernard J Gersh, Pavel Svitil, Martine Gilard, David Hasdai, Robert Hatala, Felix Mahfoud, Josep Masip, Claudio Muneretto, Marco Valgimigli, Stephan Achenbach, Jeroen J Bax, ESC Scientific Document Group (2020) 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of chronic coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J 41(3):407–477. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz425

  • Kristensen SD, Laut KG, Fajadet J, Kaifoszova Z, Kala P, Di Mario C, Wijns W, Clemmensen P, Agladze V, Antoniades L, Alhabib KF, De Boer MJ, Claeys MJ, Deleanu D, Dudek D, Erglis A, Gilard M, Goktekin O, Guagliumi G, Gudnason T, Hansen KW, Huber K, James S, Janota T, Jennings S, Kajander O, Kanakakis J, Karamfiloff KK, Kedev S, Kornowski R, Ludman PF, Merkely B, Milicic D, Najafov R, Nicolini FA, Noc M, Ostojic M, Pereira H, Radovanovic D, Sabate M, Sobhy M, Sokolov M, Studencan M, Terzic I, Wahler S, Widimsky P, European Association for Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (2014) Reperfusion therapy for ST elevation acute myocardial infarction 2010/2011: current status in 37 ESC countries. Eur Heart J 35(29):1957–1970

    Google Scholar 

  • Kubica J, Adamski P, Ostrowska M, Sikora J, Kubica JM, Sroka WD, Stankowska K, Buszko K, Navarese EP, Jilma B, Siller-Matula JM, Marszall MP, Rosc D, Kozinski M (2016) Morphine delays and attenuates ticagrelor exposure and action in patients with myocardial infarction: the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled IMPRESSION trial. Eur Heart J 37(3):245–252

    Google Scholar 

  • Lemkes JS, Janssens GN, van der Hoeven NW, Jewbali LSD, Dubois EA, Meuwissen M, Rijpstra TA, Bosker HA, Blans MJ, Bleeker GB, Baak R, Vlachojannis GJ, Eikemans BJW, van der Harst P, van der Horst ICC, Voskuil M, van der Heijden JJ, Beishuizen A, Stoel M, Camaro C, van der Hoeven H, Henriques JP, Vlaar APJ, Vink MA, van den Bogaard B, Heestermans TACM, de Ruijter W, Delnoij TSR, Crijns HJGM, Jessurun GAJ, Oemrawsingh PV, Gosselink MTM, Plomp K, Magro M, Elbers PWG, van de Ven PM, Oudemans-van Straaten HM, van Royen N (2019) Coronary Angiography after Cardiac Arrest without ST-Segment Elevation. N Engl J Med 380(15):1397–1407. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1816897

  • Libby P, Gerard Pasterkamp (2015) Requiem for the ‘vulnerable plaque’. Eur Heart J 36:2984–2987. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehv349

  • Libby P, Gerard Pasterkamp, Filippo Crea, Ik-Kyung Jang (2019) Reassessing the Mechanisms of Acute Coronary Syndromes. The “Vulnerable Plaque” and Superficial Erosion. Circ Res 124:150–160. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.118.311098

  • Mehta SR, Wood DA, Storey RF, Mehran R, Bainey KR, Nguyen H, Meeks B, Di Pasquale G, López-Sendón J, Faxon DP, Mauri L, Rao SV, Feldman L, Steg PG, Avezum Á, Sheth T, Pinilla-Echeverri N, Moreno R, Campo G, Wrigley B, Kedev S, Sutton A, Oliver R, Rodés-Cabau J, Stanković G, Welsh R, Lavi S, Cantor WJ, Wang J, Nakamya J, Bangdiwala SI, Cairns JA, COMPLETE Trial Steering Committee and Investigators (2019) Complete Revascularization with Multivessel PCI for Myocardial Infarction. N Engl J Med 381(15):1411–1421

    Google Scholar 

  • Monsieurs KG, Nolan JP, Bossaert LL, Greif R, Maconochie IK, Nikolaou NI, Perkins GD, Soar J, Truhlar A, Wyllie J, Zideman DA (2015) European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2015: Section 1. Executive summary. Resuscitation 95:1–80

    Google Scholar 

  • Montalescot G, Bolognese L, Dudek D, Goldstein P, Hamm C, Tanguay JF, ten Berg JM, Miller DL, Costigan TM, Goedicke J, Silvain J, Angioli P, Legutko J, Niethammer M, Motovska Z, Jakubowski JA, Cayla G, Visconti LO, Vicaut E, Widimsky P, ACCOAST Investigators (2013) Pretreatment with prasugrel in non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 369(11):999–1010. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1308075. Epub 2013 Sep 1. PMID: 23991622

  • Mueller C, Neumann FJ, Perach W, Perruchoud AP, Buettner HJ (2004) Prognostic value of the admission electrocardiogram in patients with unstable angina/non- ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with very early revascularization. Am J Med 117:145–150

    Google Scholar 

  • Neumann JT, Goßling A, Sörensen NA, Blankenberg S, Magnussen C, Westermann D (2020) Temporal trends in incidence and outcome of acute coronary syndrome. Clin Res Cardiol 109(9):1186–1192. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-020-01612-1. Epub 2020 Feb 7. PMID: 32034482

  • Patel MR, Smalling RW, Thiele H, Barnhart HX, Zhou Y, Chandra P, Chew D, Cohen M, French J, Perera D, et al (2011) Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation and infarct size in patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction without shock: The CRISP AMI randomized trial. JAMA 306:1329–37

    Google Scholar 

  • Pfeffer MA, Claggett B, Lewis EF, Granger CB, Køber L, Maggioni AP, Mann DL, McMurray JJV, Rouleau JL, Solomon SD, Steg PG, Berwanger O, Cikes M, De Pasquale CG, East C, Fernandez A, Jering K, Landmesser U, Mehran R, Merkely B, Vaghaiwalla Mody F, Petrie MC, Petrov I, Schou M, Senni M, Sim D, van der Meer P, Lefkowitz M, Zhou Y, Gong J, Braunwald E, PARADISE-MI Investigators and Committees (2021) Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibition in Acute Myocardial Infarction. N Engl J Med 385(20):1845–1855. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2104508. PMID: 34758252

  • Ridker PM, Everett BM, Thuren T, MacFadyen JG, Chang WH, Ballantyne C, Fonseca F, Nicolau J, Koenig W, Anker SD, Kastelein JJP, Cornel JH, Pais P, Pella D, Genest J, Cifkova R, Lorenzatti A, Forster T, Kobalava Z, Vida-Simiti L, Flather M, Shimokawa H, Ogawa H, Dellborg M, Rossi PRF, Troquay RPT, Libby P, Glynn RJ, CANTOS Trial Group (2017) Antiinflammatory Therapy with Canakinumab for Atherosclerotic Disease. N Engl J Med 377(12):1119–1131

    Google Scholar 

  • Scholz KH, Andresen D, Böttiger BW, Busch HJ, Fischer M, Frey N, Kelm M, Kill C, Schieffer B, Storm C, Thiele H, Gräsner JT (2017) [Quality indicators and structural requirements for Cardiac Arrest Centers-German Resuscitation Council (GRC)]. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed 112(5):459–461. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00063-017-0299-4

  • Schömig A, Richardt G, Kurz T (1995) Sympatho-adrenergic activation of the ischemic myocardium and its arrhythmogenic impact. Herz 20(3):169–186

    Google Scholar 

  • Schüpke S, Neumann FJ, Menichelli M, Mayer K, Bernlochner I, Wöhrle J, Richardt G, Liebetrau C, Witzenbichler B, Antoniucci D, Akin I, Bott-Flügel L, Fischer M, Landmesser U, Katus HA, Sibbing D, Seyfarth M, Janisch M, Boncompagni D, Hilz R, Rottbauer W, Okrojek R, Möllmann H, Hochholzer W, Migliorini A, Cassese S, Mollo P, Xhepa E, Kufner S, Strehle A, Leggewie S, Allali A, Ndrepepa G, Schühlen H, Angiolillo DJ, Hamm CW, Hapfelmeier A, Tölg R, Trenk D, Schunkert H, Laugwitz KL, Kastrati A, ISAR-REACT 5 Trial Investigators (2019) Ticagrelor or Prasugrel in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes. N Engl J Med 381(16):1524–1534. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1908973. Epub 2019 Sep 1. PMID: 31475799

  • Smits PC, Abdel-Wahab M, Neumann FJ, Boxma-de Klerk BM, Lunde K, Schotborgh CE, Piroth Z, Horak D, Wlodarczak A, Ong PJ, Hambrecht R, Angerås O, Richardt G, Omerovic E, Compare-Acute Investigators (2017) Fractional Flow Reserve-Guided Multivessel Angioplasty in Myocardial Infarction. N Engl J Med 376(13):1234–1244. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1701067. Epub 2017 Mar 18.PMID: 28317428

  • Steffel J, Eikelboom JW, Anand SS, Shestakovska O, Yusuf S, Fox KAA (2020) The COMPASS trial: net clinical benefit of low-dose rivaroxaban plus aspirin as compared with aspirin in patients with chronic vascular disease. Circulation 142(1):40–48. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.046048 Epub 2020 May 21. Erratum in Circulation 142(1):e23. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000880

  • Stub D, Smith K, Bernard S, Nehme Z, Stephenson M, Bray JE, Cameron P, Barger B, Ellims AH, Taylor AJ, Meredith IT, Kaye DM, AVOID Investigators (2015) Air Versus Oxygen in ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Circulation 131(24):2143–2150. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.014494. Epub 2015 May 22

  • Tardif JC, Kouz S, Waters DD, Bertrand OF, Diaz R, Maggioni AP, Pinto FJ, Ibrahim R, Gamra H, Kiwan GS, Berry C, López-Sendón J, Ostadal P, Koenig W, Angoulvant D, Grégoire JC, Lavoie MA, Dubé MP, Rhainds D, Provencher M, Blondeau L, Orfanos A, L'Allier PL, Guertin MC, Roubille F (2019) Efficacy and Safety of Low-Dose Colchicine after Myocardial Infarction. N Engl J Med 381(26):2497–2505. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1912388

  • Templin C, Ghadri JR, Diekmann J, Napp LC, Bataiosu DR, Jaguszewski M, Cammann VL, Sarcon A, Geyer V, Neumann CA, Seifert B, Hellermann J, Schwyzer M, Eisenhardt K, Jenewein J, Franke J, Katus HA, Burgdorf C, Schunkert H, Moeller C, Thiele H, Bauersachs J, Tschöpe C, Schultheiss H-P, Laney CA, Rajan L, Michels G, Pfister R, Ukena C, Bo¨hm M, Erbel R, Cuneo A, Kuck K-H, Jacobshagen C, Hasenfuss G, Karakas M, Koenig W, Rottbauer W, Said SM, Braun-Dullaeus RC, Cuculi F, Banning A, Fischer TA, Vasankari T, Airaksinen KEJ, Fijalkowski M, Rynkiewicz A, Pawlak M, Opolski G, Dworakowski R, MacCarthy P, Kaiser C, Osswald S, Galiuto L, Crea F, Dichtl W, Franz WM, Empen K, Felix SB, Delmas C, Lairez O, Erne P, Bax JJ, Ford I, Ruschitzka F, Prasad A, Lüscher TF (2015) Clinical features and outcomes of takotsubo (stress) cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med 373:929–938

    Google Scholar 

  • Thiele H, Zeymer U, Neumann FJ, Ferenc M, Olbrich HG, Hausleiter J, Richardt G, Hennersdorf M, Empen K, Fuernau G, Desch S, Eitel I, Hambrecht R, Fuhrmann J, Böhm M, Ebelt H, Schneider S, Schuler G, Werdan K, IABP-SHOCK II Trial Investigators (2012) Intraaortic balloon support for myocardial infarction with cardiogenic shock. N Engl J Med 367(14):1287–1296. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1208410. Epub 2012 Aug 26. PMID: 22920912

  • Thiele H, Akin I, Sandri M, Fuernau G, de Waha S, Meyer-Saraei R, Nordbeck P, Geisler T, Landmesser U, Skurk C, Fach A, Lapp H, Piek JJ, Noc M, Goslar T, Felix SB, Maier LS, Stepinska J, Oldroyd K, Serpytis P, Montalescot G, Barthelemy O, Huber K, Windecker S, Savonitto S, Torremante P, Vrints C, Schneider S, Desch S, Zeymer U, CULPRIT-SHOCK Investigators (2017) PCI strategies in patients with acute myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock. N Engl J Med 377(25):2419–2432. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1710261. Epub 2017 Oct 30. PMID: 29083953

  • Thygesen K, Alpert JS, Jaffe AS, Chaitman BR, Bax JJ, Morrow DA, White HD, Executive Group on behalf of the Joint European Society of Cardiology (ESC)/American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA)/World Heart Federation (WHF) Task Force for the Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction (2018) Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction (2018). J Am Coll Cardiol 72(18):2231–2264

    Google Scholar 

  • Torii S, Sato Y, Otsuka F, Kolodgie FD, Jinnouchi H, Sakamoto A, Park J, Yahagi K, Sakakura K, Cornelissen A, Kawakami R, Mori M, Kawai K, Amoa F, Guo L, Kutyna M, Fernandez R, Romero ME, Fowler D, Finn AV, Virmani R (2021) Eruptive calcified nodules as a potential mechanism of acute coronary thrombosis and sudden death. J Am Coll Cardiol 77(13):1599–1611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2021.02.016. PMID: 33795033

  • Townsend N, Wilson L, Bhatnagar P, Wickramasinghe K, Rayner M, Nichols M (2016) Cardiovascular disease in Europe: epidemiological update 2016. Eur Heart J 37(42):3232–3245. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehw334

  • Valgimigli M, Gagnor A, Calabró P, Frigoli E, Leonardi S, Zaro T, Rubartelli P, Briguori C, Andò G, Repetto A, Limbruno U, Cortese B, Sganzerla P, Lupi A, Galli M, Colangelo S, Ierna S, Ausiello A, Presbitero P, Sardella G, Varbella F, Esposito G, Santarelli A, Tresoldi S, Nazzaro M, Zingarelli A, de Cesare N, Rigattieri S, Tosi P, Palmieri C, Brugaletta S, Rao SV, Heg D, Rothenbühler M, Vranckx P, Jüni P, MATRIX Investigators (2015) Radial versus femoral access in patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing invasive management: a randomised multicentre trial. Lancet 385(9986):2465–2476. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60292-6. Epub 2015 Mar 16. PMID: 25791214

  • Valgimigli M, Bueno H, Byrne RA, Collet JP, Costa F, Jeppsson A, Jüni P, Kastrati A, Kolh P, Mauri L, Montalescot G, Neumann FJ, Petricevic M, Roffi M, Steg PG, Windecker S, Zamorano JL, Levine GN, ESC Scientific Document Group, ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG), ESC National Cardiac Societies (2018) 2017 ESC focused update on dual antiplatelet therapy in coronary artery disease developed in collaboration with EACTS: The Task Force for dual antiplatelet therapy in coronary artery disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur Heart J 39(3):213–260. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehx419. PMID: 28886622

  • Vallabhajosyula S, Jentzer JC, Prasad A, Sangaralingham LR, Kashani K, Shah ND, Dunlay SM (2021) Epidemiology of cardiogenic shock and cardiac arrest complicating non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: 18-year US study. ESC Heart Fail 8(3):2259–2269. https://doi.org/10.1002/ehf2.13321. Epub 2021 Apr 9. PMID: 33837667; PMCID: PMC8120375

  • Volpi A, De Vita C, Franzosi MG, Geraci E, Maggioni AP, Mauri F, Negri E, Santoro E, Tavazzi L, Tognoni G (1993) Determinants of 6-month mortality in survivors of myocardial infarction after thrombolysis. Results of the GISSI-2 data base. The Ad hoc Working Group of the Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell’Infarto Miocardico (GISSI)-2 Data Base. Circulation 88(2):416–429. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8339405/. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.88.2.416. PMID: 833940

  • Wald DS, Morris JK, Wald NJ, Chase AJ, Edwards RJ, Hughes LO, Berry C, Oldroyd KG, PRAMI Investigators (2013) Randomized trial of preventive angioplasty in myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 369(12):1115–1123. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1305520. Epub 2013 Sep 1. PMID: 23991625

  • Wellens JJH, Conover M (2005) The ECG in Emergency Decision Making, 2. Aufl. St. Louis, Saunders Elsevier. ISBN-10 1-4160-0259-6

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiviott SD, Braunwald E, McCabe CH, Montalescot G, Ruzyllo W, Gottlieb S, Neumann FJ, Ardissino D, De Servi S, Murphy SA, Riesmeyer J, Weerakkody G, Gibson CM, Antman EM, TRITON-TIMI 38 Investigators (2007) Prasugrel versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 357(20):2001–2015. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0706482. Epub 2007 Nov 4

  • Wu KC (2009) Fighting the „fire“ of myocardial reperfusion injury. J Am Coll Cardiol 53(8):730–731. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2009.01.002

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Herz- und Gefäßzentrum, Segeberger Kliniken GmbH, Bad Segeberg, Deutschland

    Gert Richardt, Jatinderjit Kaur & Constanze Merten

Authors
  1. Gert Richardt
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jatinderjit Kaur
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Constanze Merten
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gert Richardt .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Medizinische Klinik I – Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Deutschland

    Nikolaus Marx

  2. Kardiologie, Pneumologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Köln Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Köln, Deutschland

    Erland Erdmann

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland, ein Teil von Springer Nature

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Richardt, G., Kaur, J., Merten, C. (2023). Akutes Koronarsyndrom. In: Marx, N., Erdmann, E. (eds) Klinische Kardiologie. Springer Reference Medizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62932-1_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62932-1_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-62931-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-62932-1

  • eBook Packages: Medicine (German Language)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation