Zusammenfassung
Keine Technik hat die Molekularbiologie so nachhaltig geprägt wie die Polymerasekettenreaktion (Polymerase Chain Reaction, PCR), und nach wie vor ist sie die Grundlage für viele neue Techniken, die Einzug in die molekularbiologischen Labore halten. Die Anfänge der PCR gehen auf Arbeiten in den 1950er-, 1960er- und 1970er-Jahren zurück, in denen die Grundlagen des DNA-Aufbaus und der DNA-Replikation erarbeitet wurden. Die Entdeckung, Isolation und Nutzung einer thermostabilen DNA-Polymerase (Mullis et al. 1986, Saiki et al. 1988) und die Entwicklung der ersten Thermocycler in den 1980er-Jahren führten schließlich zu einer routinemäßigen Anwendung der PCR und ermöglichten dadurch den durchschlagenden Erfolg dieses neuen Verfahrens. 1993 erhielt Kary B. Mullis für seine Arbeiten den Nobelpreis für Chemie (zusammen mit Michael Smith, Bartlett und Stirling 2003). Die PCR gehört seit dieser Zeit zur „Grundausstattung“ jedes molekularbiologischen Labors und ermöglicht u. a. die gezielte Vervielfältigung, Detektion und Analyse von Nucleinsäuren.
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Gürtler, P., Pecoraro, S. (2023). Evolution der PCR – von der klassischen PCR zur digitalen PCR. In: Raem, A.M., Rauch, P. (eds) Immunoassays. Springer Spektrum, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62671-9_7
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