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Psychotische Störungen und Schizophrenie

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Klinische Psychologie & Psychotherapie

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Zusammenfassung

Psychotische Störungen sind durch die sog. Positiv- und Negativsymptomatik gekennzeichnet. Positivsymptome sind Wahn (häufig Verfolgungswahn), Halluzinationen (vor allem „Stimmenhören“), desorganisiertes Denken und grob desorganisiertes Verhalten (Bewegungsstörungen). Die Negativsymptomatik beschreibt Verminderung von Mimik und Gestik sowie den Verlust von Freude und Motivation. Entgegen der historischen Betrachtungsweise, dass die Symptomatik qualitativ anders ist, wird gesundes und psychotisches Erleben heute auf einem Kontinuum gesehen. Die Unterscheidung liegt also in der Quantität der Symptome und der mit ihnen assoziierten Beeinträchtigung. Ausgehend von klassischen Vulnerabilitäts-Stress-Modellen berücksichtigen aktuelle Entstehungsmodelle verstärkt das Zusammenwirken biologischer, kognitiver und psychosozialer Faktoren. Neueste Leitlinien empfehlen daher eine Kombination verschiedener Behandlungsformen: Neben medikamentöser Therapie ist Psychotherapie in Form von kognitiver Verhaltenstherapie oder psychoedukativ orientierten Familieninterventionen mit Fertigkeitentraining wirksam.

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  1. Institut für Psychologie, Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Deutschland

    Annika Clamor & Tania M. Lincoln

  2. Institut für Psychologie, Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Universität Bremen, Bremen, Deutschland

    Inga Frantz

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    Jürgen Hoyer

  2. Institut für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany

    Susanne Knappe

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Clamor, A., Frantz, I., Lincoln, T.M. (2020). Psychotische Störungen und Schizophrenie. In: Hoyer, J., Knappe, S. (eds) Klinische Psychologie & Psychotherapie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-61814-1_44

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