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Scapulothoracic Dyskinesis and Anterior Shoulder Instability

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Abstract

Scapular dyskinesia refers to altered scapular motion or position. Specifically, it may include static or dynamic medial border prominence of the scapula, inferior angle prominence and/or premature elevation of the scapular, and accelerated inferior scapular rotation while lowering the arm. It generally occurs due to muscle imbalance/weakness or as a response to shoulder injury—including glenohumeral instability. Prevalence of scapular dyskinesis is 61% in overhead athletes and 33% in non-overhead athletes. Assessment should include a detailed physical examination including scapula-specific tests: the scapular assistance test (SAT) and scapular retraction test (SRT). Investigations (imaging and nerve conduction studies) should be targeted to identify any underlying shoulder pathology that may be a cause of dyskinesis. The mainstay of treatment for scapular dyskinesis is appropriate treatment of the underlying cause, followed by a supervised physiotherapy program focusing on re-establishing normal scapular motion and stability.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pan Am Clinic, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada

    Shahbaz S. Malik, Benjamin Jong & Peter B. MacDonald

  2. Centre Orthopédique Santy, Lyon, France

    Lionel Neyton

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  1. Shahbaz S. Malik
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  2. Benjamin Jong
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  3. Lionel Neyton
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  4. Peter B. MacDonald
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Shoulder and Upper Limb Department, St. Luke's Hospital, Bielsko-Biała, Poland

    Roman Brzóska

  2. Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy

    Giuseppe Milano

  3. Istituto Ortopedico Gaetano Pini, Prima Clinica Ortopedica, Milan, Italy

    Pietro S. Randelli

  4. Department of Traumatology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia

    Ladislav Kovačič

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Malik, S.S., Jong, B., Neyton, L., MacDonald, P.B. (2020). Scapulothoracic Dyskinesis and Anterior Shoulder Instability. In: Brzóska, R., Milano, G., Randelli, P., Kovačič, L. (eds) 360° Around Shoulder Instability. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-61074-9_7

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