Skip to main content

Multiple Sklerose: Grundlagen

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Klinische Neurologie

Part of the book series: Springer Reference Medizin ((SRM))

  • 1161 Accesses

Zusammenfassung

Die multiple Sklerose (MS) ist vornehmlich eine entzündlich demyelinisierende Erkrankung des Zentralnervensystems, deren Hauptmerkmal rezidivierend auftretende schubförmige Manifestationen mit fokalen oder multifokalen neurologischen Ausfällen darstellen. Die Prävalenz für MS in Deutschland liegt bei etwa 200.000 Patienten. In der Ätiologie und Pathogenese werden drei Faktoren als bedeutend diskutiert: Einflüsse von Faktoren aus der Umwelt, Einflüsse genetischer Determinanten sowie eine autoimmune Reaktion.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 249.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Literatur

  • Almohmeed YH, Avenell A, Aucott L et al (2013) Systematic review and meta-analysis of the sero-epidemiological associaten between Epstein Barr virus and multiple sclerosis. PLoS One 8:e61110

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brück W, Stadelmann C (2005) The spectrum of multiple sclerosis: new lessons from pathology. Curr Opin Neurol 18(3):221–224

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chang A, Smith MC, Yin X et al (2008) Neurogenesis in the chronic lesion of multiple sclerosis. Brain 131:2366–2375

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dyment DA, Cader MZ, Herrera BM et al (2008) A genome scan in a single pedigree with a high prevalence of Multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 79:158–162

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ebers GC (2008) Environmental factors and multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol 7:268–277

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Etemadifar M, Sajjadi S, Nasr Z et al (2013) Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in Iran: a systematic review. Eur Neurol 70:356–363

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frischer JM, Bramow S, Dal-Bianco A et al (2009) The relation between inflammation and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis brains. Brain 132:1175–1189

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frohman EM, Racke MK, Raine CS (2006) Multiple sclerosis – the plaque and its pathogenesis. N Engl J Med 354:942–955

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gay FW, Drye TJ, Dick GW, Esiri MM (1997) The application of multifactorial cluster analysis in the staging of plaques in early MS. Identification and characterization of the primary demyelinating lesion. Brain 120:1461–1483

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hafler DA, Compston A et al (2007) Risk alleles for MS identified by a genomewide study. International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium. N Engl J Med 357:851–862

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haghigi S, Andersen O, Nilsson S et al (2006) A linkage study in two families with MS and healthy members with oligoclonal CSF immunity. Mult Scler 12(6):723–730

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hauser SL, Oksenberg JR (2006) The neurobiology of multiple sclerosis: genes, inflammation, and neurogeneration. Neuron 52:61–76

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hedstroem AK, Baärnhielm M, Olsson T, Alfredsson L (2009) Tobacco smoking, but not swedish snuff use, increases the risk of multiple sclerosis. Neurology 73:696–701

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hohlfeld R, Dornmair K, Meinl E, Wekerle H (2016) The search fort he target antigens of MS part 1: autoreactive CD4+ T lymphocytes as pathogenetic effectors and therapeutic targets. Lancet Neurol 15:198–209

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jersild C, Svejgaard A, Fog T (1972) HL-A antigens and MS. Lancet 1:1240–1241

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jilek S, Schluep M, Meylan P et al (2008) Strong EBV-specific CD8+ T-cell response in patients with early multiple sclerosis. Brain 131:1712–1721

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kuhlmann T, Miron V, Cuo Q et al (2008) Differentiation block of oligodendroglial progenitor cells as a cause for remyelination failure in chronic multiple sclerosis. Brain 131:1749–1758

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levin LI, Munger KL, Rubertone MV et al (2005) Temporal relationship between elevation of Epstein-Barr virus antibody titers and initial onset of neurological symptoms in MS. JAMA 293:2496–2500

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lucchinetti C, Brück W, Parisi J et al (2000) Heterogeneity of multiple sclerosis lesions: implications for the pathogenesis of demyelination. Ann Neurol 47:707–717

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marrie RA (2004) Environmental risk factors in MS aetiology. Lancet Neurol 3:709–718

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mehta BK (2010) New hypothesis on sunlight and the geographic variability of multiple sclerosis prevalence. J Neurol Sci 292:5–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ramagopalan SV, Maugeri NJ, Handunnetthi L et al (2009) Expression of the multiple sclerosis-associated MHC class II allele HLA-DRB1*1501 is regulated by vitamin D. PLoS Genet 5:e1000369

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ramanujan R, Hedström AK, Manouchehrinia A et al (2015) Effect of smoking cessation on MS prognosis. JAMA Neurol 72:1117–1123

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robertson NP, Fraser M, Deans J et al (1996) Age-adjusted recurrence risks for relatives of patients with multiple sclerosis. Brain 119:449–455

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sadovnick AD, Dircks A, Ebers GC (1999) Genetic counselling in multiple sclerosis: risks to sibs and children of affected individuals. Clin Genet 56:118–122

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sawcer S et al (2011) Genetic risk and a primary role for cell-mediated immune mechanisms in MS. International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium, Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium 2. Nature 476:214–219

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sawcer S, Franklin RJ, Ban M (2014) Multiple sclerosis genetics. Lancet Neurol 13:700–709

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson AJ, Baranzini SE, Geurts J et al (2018) Multiple sclerosis. Lancet 391:1622–1636

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trapp BD, Peterson J, Ransohoff RM et al (1998) Axonal transection in the lesions of multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 338(5):323–325

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wingerchuk DM (2012) Smoking: effects on multiple sclerosis susceptibility and disease progression. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 5(1):13–21

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zeis T, Graumann U, Reynolds R, Schaeren-Wiemers N (2008) Normal-appearing white matter in multiple sclerosis is in a subtle balance between inflammation and neuroprotection. Brain 131:288–303

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jürgen Faiss .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland, ein Teil von Springer Nature

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Faiss, J. (2020). Multiple Sklerose: Grundlagen. In: Berlit, P. (eds) Klinische Neurologie. Springer Reference Medizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-60676-6_157

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-60676-6_157

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-60674-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-60676-6

  • eBook Packages: Medicine (German Language)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics