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Extremely smooth: how smooth surfaces enable dry and boundary lubricated forming of aluminum

Extrem glatt: Wie glatte Oberflächen eine trockene und grenzgeschmierte Umformung von Aluminium ermöglichen

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Abstract

Reducing the amount of lubricant down to dry frictional contact in aluminum forming still poses major challenges for research and industry. The (partially) dry frictional contact favors aluminum adhesion on the tools. Coating the tools with a:C-H (hydrogenated amorphous carbon) can lead to significant improvements, but recent findings show a surprising effect of both tool and sheet surface roughness and topography on the friction and wear behavior. This publication analyzes the friction and wear behavior of coated and uncoated tool and sheet surfaces for both dry and minimal lubricated applications. On the sheet side, the roughness of the sheet metal EN-AW 5083 is significantly reduced by polishing to Rz values in the range of 0.2 μm. Various phenomena are evident: Due to the reduced surface roughness, a by 50% improved coefficient of friction is achieved at low loads and plane-plane-contact even with smallest possible lubricant quantities. In the dry case, however, the surfaces show slight signs of wear. In the high load case both friction is significantly reduced to a coefficient of friction of 0.01 and no wear present on the tool surface both in the dry and minimally lubricated cases. The phenomena are attributed to the complex smoothing behavior of the surface topography and are analyzed based on surface parameters.

Reducing the amount of lubricant down to dry frictional contact in aluminum forming still poses major challenges for research and industry. The (partially) dry frictional contact favors aluminum adhesion on the tools. Coating the tools with a:C-H (hydrogenated amorphous carbon) can lead to significant improvements, but recent findings show a surprising effect of both tool and sheet surface roughness and topography on the friction and wear behavior. This publication analyzes the friction and wear behavior of coated and uncoated tool and sheet surfaces for both dry and minimal lubricated applications. On the sheet side, the roughness of the sheet metal EN-AW 5083 is significantly reduced by polishing to Rz values in the range of 0.2 μm. Various phenomena are evident: Due to the reduced surface roughness, a by 50% improved coefficient of friction is achieved at low loads and plane-plane-contact even with smallest possible lubricant quantities. In the dry case, however, the surfaces show slight signs of wear. In the high load case both friction is significantly reduced to a coefficient of friction of 0.01 and no wear present on the tool surface both in the dry and minimally lubricated cases. The phenomena are attributed to the complex smoothing behavior of the surface topography and are analyzed based on surface parameters.

Abstract

Die Reduzierung der Schmierstoffmenge bis hin zum trockenen Reibkontakt in der Aluminiumumformung stellt sowohl für Forschung als auch Industrie nach wie vor eine große Herausforderung dar. Der (teilweise) trockene Reibkontakt begünstigt Aluminiumadhäsionen an den Werkzeugen. Die Beschichtung der Werkzeuge mit a:C-H (amorphe Kohlenwasserstoffschichten) kann zu signifikanten Verbesserungen führen, aber neuere Erkenntnisse zeigen einen überraschenden Einfluss von Werkzeug- und Blechoberflächenrauheit und Topographie auf das Reibungs- und Verschleißverhalten. Dieses Paper analysiert das Reibungs- und Verschleißverhalten von beschichteten Werkzeug- und Blechoberflächen für trockene und minimal geschmierte Anwendungen. Auf der Blechseite wird die Rauheit des Blechs EN-AW 5083 durch Polieren auf Rz- Werte im Bereich von 0.2 μm deutlich reduziert. Dadurch sind verschiedene Phänomene zu beobachten: Durch die reduzierte Oberflächenrauheit wird bei geringen Belastungen und ebenem Kontakt auch bei kleinstmöglichen Schmierstoffmengen ein um 50% verbesserter Reibungskoeffizient erreicht. Im Falle trockener Reibung zeigen die Oberflächen jedoch leichte Verschleißerscheinungen. Im Fall höherer Lasten werden sowohl die Reibung als auch der Verschleiß deutlich auf einen Reibungskoeffizienten von 0.01 reduziert und es entsteht sowohl im trockenen als auch im minimal geschmierten Fall kein Verschleiß auf der Werkzeugoberfläche. Die Phänomene werden auf das komplexe Glättungsverhalten der Oberflächentopographie zurückgeführt und anhand von Oberflächenparametern analysiert.

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Correspondence to Felix Flegler .

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Flegler, F., Groche, P., Abraham, T., Bräuer, G. (2019). Extremely smooth: how smooth surfaces enable dry and boundary lubricated forming of aluminum. In: Wulfsberg, J.P., Hintze, W., Behrens, BA. (eds) Production at the leading edge of technology. Springer Vieweg, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-60417-5_24

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