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Ätiologie der Abhängigkeitserkrankungen

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Alkohol und Tabak

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Zusammenfassung

Bei allen Erkrankungen werden psychologische, soziale, biologische und genetische Ursachen vermutet. Nur wenige dieser ätiologischen Überlegungen führen jedoch zu praktisch therapeutisch verwertbaren Ansätzen. Auch bei den Abhängigkeitserkrankungen wird immer wieder postuliert, dass psycho-bio-soziologische ätiologische Faktoren zu definieren sind. Die Heterogenität der Abhängigkeitserkrankungen, die heute unbestritten ist, wird in den Kap. 5 und 6 abgehandelt, und natürlich haben die Untergruppen von Abhängigkeitserkrankungen auch alle psycho-bio-soziologische ätiologische Faktoren, aber die Gewichtung und die Bedeutung der einzelnen Faktoren sind je nach Untergruppe sehr unterschiedlich. Alkohol- und Tabakabhängige, die regelmäßig mit Alkohol und Tabak ihre Entzugssymptome bekämpfen, sonst aber von der Persönlichkeit her und seitens des sozialen Umfelds keinerlei Auffälligkeiten zeigen, unterscheiden sich ätiologisch ganz klar von Alkohol- und Tabakabhängigen, die Alkohol und Tabak zur Stressbekämpfung in bestimmten Situationen benützen und keine oder nur milde Entzugserscheinungen haben.

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  1. Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik, Medizinische Universität Wien, Wien, Österreich

    Otto-Michael Lesch, Henriette Walter & Benjamin Vyssoki

  2. University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, USA

    Michie Hesselbrock & Victor Hesselbrock

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    Otto-Michael Lesch

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    Henriette Walter

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Lesch, OM., Walter, H., Hesselbrock, M., Hesselbrock, V., Vyssoki, B. (2020). Ätiologie der Abhängigkeitserkrankungen. In: Lesch, OM., Walter, H. (eds) Alkohol und Tabak. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-60284-3_3

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