Abstract
In Europe, cities developed in the Middle Ages. In the eleventh century, a truly remarkable revolution started as a result of the confrontation of Christianity with the Arabic world during the crusades: the rediscovery of Arabic, Greek, and Roman knowledge. This led to a tremendous increase in knowledge. Men no longer accepted the old church doctrine “All knowledge comes from God,” which implied that this knowledge is imbedded in the Bible. The study of nature led philosophers to look for answers beyond those given in the Old Testament. They discovered Aristotle and his knowledge of nature and the life of plants and animals. This increased information and knowledge significantly.
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Albach, H., Pinkwart, A. (2018). Introduction. In: Albach, H., Meffert, H., Pinkwart, A., Reichwald, R., Świątczak, Ł. (eds) European Cities in Dynamic Competition . Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-56419-6_1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-56419-6_1
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