Abstract
The risk of injury in professional football is high. Injuries of the knee joint and particularly rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) are relatively common in the sport. Surgical ACL reconstruction is currently the standard treatment in athletes. After injury and surgical repair, the first question of athletes is how long it will take to return to the field and to play at the same level as prior to injury. Several factors influence the return to football in athletes undergoing ACL reconstruction. Despite the numerous postoperative evaluations recommended in various studies, new high-quality studies should be undertaken in the coming years to determine specific criteria with high sensitivity and specificity for safe return to sports after ACL reconstruction.
Top Five Evidence-Based References
Walden M, Hagglund M, Magnusson H, Ekstrand J (2016) ACL injuries in men’s professional football: a 15-year prospective study on time trends and return-to-play rates reveals only 65% of players still play at the top level 3 years after ACL rupture. Br J Sports Med 50:744–750
Ekstrand J, Hagglund M, Kristenson K, Magnusson H, Walden M (2013) Fewer ligament injuries but no preventive effect on muscle injuries and severe injuries: an 11-year follow-up of the UEFA Champions League injury study. Br J Sports Med 47:732–737
Bizzini M, Dvorak J (2015) FIFA 11+: an effective programme to prevent football injuries in various player groups worldwide-a narrative review. Br J Sports Med 49:577–579
Kyritsis P, Bahr R, Landreau P, Miladi R, Witvrouw E (2016) Likelihood of ACL graft rupture: not meeting six clinical discharge criteria before return to sport is associated with a four times greater risk of rupture. Br J Sports Med 50:946–951
Dingenen B, Gokeler A (2017) Optimization of the return-to-sport paradigm after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a critical step back to move forward. Sports Med 47:1487. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0674-6
References
Arliani GG, Lara PS, Astur DC, Cohen M, Goncalves JP, Ferretti M (2014) Impact of sports on health of former professional soccer players in Brazil. Acta Ortop Bras 22:188–190
Junge A, Dvorak J (2004) Soccer injuries: a review on incidence and prevention. Sports Med 34:929–938
Hawkins RD, Fuller CW (1999) A prospective epidemiological study of injuries in four English professional football clubs. Br J Sports Med 33:196–203
Cohen M, Abdalla RJ, Ejnisman B, Amaro JT (1997) Lesões Ortopédicas no futebol. Rev Bras Ortop 32:940–944
Arliani GG, Belangero PS, Runco JL, Cohen M (2011) The Brazilian Football Association (CBF) model for epidemiological studies on professional soccer player injuries. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 66:1707–1712
Pedrinelli A, Da Cunha GAR (2013) Estudo epidemiologico das lesoes no futebol profissional durante a Copa America de 2011. Rev Bras Ortop 48:131–136
Pangrazio O, Forriol F (2016) Epidemiology of soccer players traumatic injuries during the 2015 America Cup. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 6:124–130
Walden M, Hagglund M, Magnusson H, Ekstrand J (2016) ACL injuries in men’s professional football: a 15-year prospective study on time trends and return-to-play rates reveals only 65% of players still play at the top level 3 years after ACL rupture. Br J Sports Med 50:744–750
Farber J, Harris JD, Kolstad K, McCulloch PC (2014) Treatment of anterior cruciate ligament injuries by major league soccer team physicians. Orthop J Sports Med 2:1–7
Arliani GG, Astur Dda C, Kanas M, Kaleka CC, Cohen M (2012) Anterior cruciate ligament injury: treatment and rehabilitation. current perspectives and trends. Rev Bras Ortop 47:191–196
Mohtadi NG, Chan DS, Dainty KN, Whelan DB (2011) Patellar tendon versus hamstring tendon autograft for anterior cruciate ligament rupture in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev:CD005960. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005960.pub2
Ekstrand J, Hagglund M, Kristenson K, Magnusson H, Walden M (2013) Fewer ligament injuries but no preventive effect on muscle injuries and severe injuries: an 11-year follow-up of the UEFA Champions League injury study. Br J Sports Med 47:732–737
Yamada RK, Arliani GG, Almeida GP, Venturine AM, Santos CV, Astur DC et al (2012) The effects of one-half of a soccer match on the postural stability and functional capacity of the lower limbs in young soccer players. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 67:1361–1364
Lundblad M, Walden M, Hagglund M, Ekstrand J, Thomee C, Karlsson J (2016) No association between return to play after injury and increased rate of anterior cruciate ligament injury in men’s professional soccer. Orthop J Sports Med 4:2325967116669708
Bizzini M, Dvorak J (2015) FIFA 11+: an effective programme to prevent football injuries in various player groups worldwide-a narrative review. Br J Sports Med 49:577–579
Owoeye OB, Akinbo SR, Tella BA, Olawale OA (2014) Efficacy of the FIFA 11+ warm-up programme in male youth football: a cluster randomised controlled trial. J Sports Sci Med 13:321–328
Grooms DR, Palmer T, Onate JA, Myer GD, Grindstaff T (2013) Soccer-specific warm-up and lower extremity injury rates in collegiate male soccer players. J Athl Train 48:782–789
Leal MF, Astur DC, Debieux P, Arliani GG, Silveira Franciozi CE, Loyola LC et al (2015) Identification of suitable reference genes for investigating gene expression in anterior cruciate ligament injury by using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. PLoS One 10:e0133323
Sandon A, Werner S, Forssblad M (2015) Factors associated with returning to football after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 23:2514–2521
Walden M, Hagglund M, Ekstrand J (2006) High risk of new knee injury in elite footballers with previous anterior cruciate ligament injury. Br J Sports Med 40:158–162. discussion 158-162
Arliani GG, Astur DC, Yamada RK, Yamada AF, Miyashita GK, Mandelbaum B et al (2014) Early osteoarthritis and reduced quality of life after retirement in former professional soccer players. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 69:589–594
Neyret P, Donell ST, DeJour D, DeJour H (1993) Partial meniscectomy and anterior cruciate ligament rupture in soccer players. A study with a minimum 20-year followup. Am J Sports Med 21:455–460
Wiggins AJ, Grandhi RK, Schneider DK, Stanfield D, Webster KE, Myer GD (2016) Risk of secondary injury in younger athletes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Sports Med 44:1861–1876
Barber-Westin SD, Noyes FR (2011) Factors used to determine return to unrestricted sports activities after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Arthroscopy 27:1697–1705
Kyritsis P, Bahr R, Landreau P, Miladi R, Witvrouw E (2016) Likelihood of ACL graft rupture: not meeting six clinical discharge criteria before return to sport is associated with a four times greater risk of rupture. Br J Sports Med 50:946–951
Grindem H, Snyder-Mackler L, Moksnes H, Engebretsen L, Risberg MA (2016) Simple decision rules can reduce reinjury risk by 84% after ACL reconstruction: the Delaware-Oslo ACL cohort study. Br J Sports Med 50:804–808
Dingenen B, Gokeler A (2017) Optimization of the return-to-sport paradigm after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a critical step back to move forward. Sports Med 47:1487. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0674-6
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 ESSKA
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Arliani, G.G., Ferretti, M., Cohen, M. (2018). Criteria-Based Return to Play After ACL Reconstruction: The Brazilian Experience. In: Musahl, V., Karlsson, J., Krutsch, W., Mandelbaum, B., Espregueira-Mendes, J., d'Hooghe, P. (eds) Return to Play in Football. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55713-6_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55713-6_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-55712-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-55713-6
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)