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The Evaluation and Management of Adrenal Masses and Adrenocortical Tumors (Act)

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Endocrine Surgery in Children

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Abstract

Adrenal masses arise from the adrenal medulla or the adrenal cortex. Adrenal medullary lesions in children include relatively common neuroblastomas and rare pheochromocytomas. Adrenocortical tumors (ACTs) are rare in children and it is difficult to distinguish benign from malignant lesions in the absence of metastatic disease. ACTs differ substantially in clinical characteristics and biologic behavior from similar tumors in adults and from adrenal medullary tumors. ACTs in children are typically hormonally active and it is normally possible to make the diagnosis by the combination of history, physical examination, laboratory studies, and cross-sectional imaging. Complete surgical resection is critical for successful treatment of ACTs, as adjuvant treatment has only limited effectiveness. Although the earlier literature indicated that children with ACTs had a relatively poor prognosis, recent work suggests an improved outlook.

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  1. Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, Seattle Children’s Hospital and the University of Washington, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA

    Kenneth W. Gow

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  1. Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA

    Daniel J. Ledbetter

  2. Academic Pediatric Surgery Unit, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom

    Paul R.V. Johnson

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Gow, K.W. (2018). The Evaluation and Management of Adrenal Masses and Adrenocortical Tumors (Act). In: Ledbetter, D., Johnson, P. (eds) Endocrine Surgery in Children. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-54256-9_10

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