Abstract
Lymphadenopathy is common in children, and frequently presents with palpable lymph nodes amenable to fine needle aspiration. The interpretation of these aspirates can be challenging due to the wide spectrum of benign and malignant causes of lymphadenopathy and the overlapping cytomorphologic features of many of these entities. Ancillary studies are important for resolving the differential diagnosis and excluding lymphoma and non-lymphoid malignancies. This chapter describes the cytomorphologic features of common and uncommon causes of lymphadenopathy in the pediatric age group and the key ancillary studies used to arrive at a definitive diagnosis or to narrow the differential diagnosis.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Cardillo MR. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of superficial lymph nodes. Diagn Cytopathol. 1989;5:166–73.
Rimm DL, Stastny JF, Rimm EB, Ayer S, Frable WJ. Comparison of the costs of fine needle aspiration and open surgical biopsy as methods for obtaining a pathologic diagnosis. Cancer. 1997;81:51–6.
Steel BL, Schwartz MR, Ramzy I. Fine needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of lymphadenopathy in 1103 patients: role, limitations, and analysis of diagnostic pitfalls. Acta Cytol. 1995;39:76–81.
Lioe TF, Elliott H, Allen DC, Spence RAJ. The role of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the investigation of superficial lymphadenopathy: uses and limitations of the technique. Cytopathology. 1999;10:291–7.
Prasad RR, Narasimhan R, Sankaran V, Veliath AJ. Fine-needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of superficial lymphadenopathy: an analysis of 2,418 cases. Diagn Cytopathol. 1996;15:382–6.
Thomas JO, Adeyi D, Amanguno H. Fine-needle aspiration in the management of peripheral lymphadenopathy in a developing country. Diagn Cytopathol. 1999;21:159–62.
O’Dowd GJ, Frable WJ, Behm FG. Fine needle aspiration cytology of benign lymph node hyperplasia: diagnostic significance of lymphohistiocytic aggregates. Acta Cytol. 1985;29:554–8.
Monaco SE, Teot LA. Cytopathology of pediatric malignancies: where are we today with fine-needle aspiration biopsies in pediatric oncology? Cancer Cytopathol. 2014;122:322–36.
Lim MS, Straus SE, Dale JK, Fleisher TA, Stetler-Stevenson M, Strober W, Sneller MC, Puck JM, Lenardo MJ, Elenitoba-Johnson KSJ, Lin AY, Raffeld M, Jaffe ES. Pathological findings in human autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome. Am J Pathol. 1998;153:1541–50.
Chen M, Wang J. Gaucher disease: review of the literature. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2008;132:851–3.
Mokhtari M, Kumar PV, Talei AR. Gaucher-like cells in retroperitoneal extramedullary hematopoietic tumor diagnosed by fine needle aspiration: a case report. Acta Cytol. 2010;54:903–6.
Janka GE, Lehmberg K. Hemophagocytic syndromes—an update. Blood Rev. 2014;28:135–42.
Swerdlow S, Campo E, Harris N, et al. WHO classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue. 4th ed. Lyons: IARC Press; 2008. p. 358–60.
Kakkar S, Kapila K, Verma K. Langerhans cell histiocytosis in lymph nodes: cytomorphologic diagnosis and pitfalls. Acta Cytol. 2001;45:327–32.
Sudilovsky D, Cha I. Fine needle aspiration cytology of dermatopathic lymphadenitis. Acta Cytol. 1998;42:1341–7.
Iyer VK, Kapila K, Verma K. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of dermatopathic lymphadenitis. Acta Cytol. 1998;42:1347–51.
Tong TR, Chan OW, Lee KC. Diagnosing Kikuchi disease on fine needle aspiration biopsy: a retrospective study of 44 cases diagnosed by cytology and 8 by histopathology. Acta Cytol. 2001;45:953–7.
Deaver D, Horna P, Cualing H, Sokol L. Pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease. Cancer Control. 2014;21:313–21.
Louissnat A, Ferry JA, Soupir CP, et al. Infectious mononucleosis mimicking lymphoma: distinguishing morphological and immunophenotypic features. Mod Pathol. 2012;25:1149–59.
Shi Y, Griffin AC, Zhang PJL, et al. Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman disease): a case report and review of 49 cases with fine needle aspiration cytology. CytoJournal. 2011;8:3.
Swerdlow S, Campo E, Harris N, et al. WHO classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue. 4th ed. Lyons: IARC Press; 2008. p. 323–30.
Swerdlow S, Campo E, Harris N, et al. WHO classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue. 4th ed. Lyons: IARC Press; 2008. p. 168–70.
Swerdlow S, Campo E, Harris N, et al. WHO classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue. 4th ed. Lyons: IARC Press; 2008. p. 176–8.
Minard-Colin V, Brugières L, Reiter A, et al. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma in children and adolescents: progress through effective collaboration, current knowledge, and challenges ahead. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33:2963–74.
Swerdlow S, Campo E, Harris N, et al. WHO classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue. 4th ed. Lyons: IARC Press; 2008. p. 262–4.
Swerdlow S, Campo E, Harris N, et al. WHO classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue. 4th ed. Lyons: IARC Press; 2008. p. 233–7.
Swerdlow S, Campo E, Harris N, et al. WHO classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue. 4th ed. Lyons: IARC Press; 2008. p. 250–1.
Swerdlow S, Campo E, Harris N, et al. WHO classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue. 4th ed. Lyons: IARC Press; 2008. p. 312–6.
Swerdlow S, Campo E, Harris N, et al. WHO classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue. 4th ed. Lyons: IARC Press; 2008. p. 267–8.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Monaco, S.E. (2017). Lymph Nodes. In: Monaco, S., Teot, L. (eds) Pediatric Cytopathology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53441-0_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53441-0_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-53439-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-53441-0
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)