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Childhood Hypertension: Epidemiology, Etiology, Target Organ Damage, and Consequences

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Pediatric Kidney Disease

Abstract

Despite evidence of an increasing prevalence of hypertension in the young, the consequences of early onset hypertension are poorly established and often overlooked. In children hypertension can be caused by multiple conditions, and symptoms are often nonspecific or absent. It is therefore warranted to consider a wide range of differential diagnoses and to search for definable causes of hypertension, particularly in young children who have very high blood pressure. Consequent screening for early organ damage such as left ventricular hpertrophy, albuminuria, increased carotid intima-media thickness and pulse wave velocity, and even subtle clues to impaired brain function is key to the evaluation process. The accurate identification of hypertension at the earliest possible age provides a window of opportunity to initiate preventive measures, thereby reducing the risk of permanent organ damage, long-term morbidity and reduced lifespan.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ronda del Puig 100, Los Monasterios, Puzol, Valencia, 46530, Spain

    Empar Lurbe

  2. Department of Pediatrics, Ospedale San Giovanni Bellinzona, Via Ospedale, Bellinzona, 6500, Switzerland

    Giacomo Simonetti

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  1. Empar Lurbe
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  2. Giacomo Simonetti
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Correspondence to Empar Lurbe .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

    Denis F. Geary

  2. Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

    Franz Schaefer

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Lurbe, E., Simonetti, G. (2016). Childhood Hypertension: Epidemiology, Etiology, Target Organ Damage, and Consequences. In: Geary, D., Schaefer, F. (eds) Pediatric Kidney Disease. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-52972-0_49

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