Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A Study of Islanding Mode Control in Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Advances in Solar Photovoltaic Power Plants

Part of the book series: Green Energy and Technology ((GREEN))

Abstract

This paper reviews the recent trend and development of control techniques for islanding mode particularly for photovoltaic (PV) grid-connected systems. Grid-connected system has gained vast popularity over the past years. Therefore, it is essential to ensure ultimate safe interaction between distribution generations and utility grid. One of the major safety issues is the unintentional activities carried out by maintenance workers within the grid-connected PV system during the islanding operation mode. There are two types of islanding mode, namely the intentional and unintentional. This paper only focuses on the detection methods for unintentional islanding. Anti-islanding detection methods are generally categorized into two groups, namely the Local Islanding Detection Technique and the Remote Islanding Detection Technique. Each detection group consists of several specific techniques that apply different methodologies or algorithms. The fundamental concept and theory of operation of popularity used anti-islanding detection methods are described. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of each control method have been highlighted. The operation characteristics and system parameters of each detection techniques are analyzed and discussed. Moreover, the comparison of islanding detection method based on various characteristics has been detailed. It can be concluded that anti-islanding detection methods are greatly governed by the nature of system application as well as the scale of the system. Finally, this chapter also explains construction of the simulation of the PV grid-connected anti-islanding detection method in MATLAB/Simulink simulation software. The chapter ends with the simulation results of both passive and active methods as well as the results, discussion, and analysis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 139.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Asif M, Muneer T (2007) Energy supply, its demand and security issues for developed and emerging economies. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 11(7):1388–1413

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. US Energy Information Administration (2011) International energy outlook

    Google Scholar 

  3. Pepermans G, Driesen J, Haeseldonckx D, Belmans R, D’haeseleer W (2005) Distributed generation: definition, benefits and issues. Energy Policy 33(6):787–798

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Christopher D, Lenzen M (2000) Greenhouse gas analysis of electricity generation systems. ANZSES solar 2000 conference, Griffith University, Queensland, pp 658–668

    Google Scholar 

  5. Norton B, Eames PC, Lo SNG (1998) Full energy chain analysis of greenhouse gas emissions for solar thermal electric power generation systems. Renew Energy 15(1–4):131–136

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Shafiee S, Topal E (2009) When will fossil fuel reserves be diminished? Energy Policy 37(1):181–189

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Van Ruijven Bas, Vuuren DPV (2009) Oil and natural gas prices and greenhouse gas emission mitigation. Energy Policy 37(11):4797–4808

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Mohd IA (2010) Green energy and technology: issues and challenges. In: International conference on advances in renewable energy technologies (ICARET), Cyberjaya Malaysia

    Google Scholar 

  9. Lidula NWA, Rajapakse AD (2011) Microgrids research: a review of experimental microgrids and test systems. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 15(1):186–202

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Llaria A, Curea O, Jimenez J, Camblong H (2011) Survey on microgrids: unplanned islanding and related inverter control techniques. Renew Energy 36(8):2052–2061

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Ackermann T, Andersson G, Soder L (2001) Distributed generation: a definition. Electr Power Syst Res 57(3):195–204

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Blaabjerg F, Teodorescu R, Liserre M, Timbus AV (2006) Overview of control and grid synchronization for distributed power generation systems. IEEE Trans Industr Electron 53(5):1398–1409

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Ward B, Ropp M (2002) Evaluation of islanding detection methods for photovoltaic utility interactive power systems. IEA International Energy Agency, Task V report IEA PVPS T509

    Google Scholar 

  14. Wei YT, Chee WT (2011) An overview of islanding detection methods in photovoltaic systems. Int J Electr Comput Energ Electron Commun Eng 5(11)

    Google Scholar 

  15. IEA (International Energy Agency), Verhoeven B (1998) Utility aspects of grid connected photovoltaic power systems. Task V report IEA PVPS T5-01

    Google Scholar 

  16. IEEE (1987) IEEE recommended practice for utility interface of residential and intermediate photovoltaic (PV) systems. ANSI/IEEE Std 929-1988: 01

    Google Scholar 

  17. IEEE (2003) IEEE standard for interconnecting distributed resources with electric power systems. IEEE Std 1547-2003, pp 1–16

    Google Scholar 

  18. IEEE (2009) IEEE application guide for IEEE std 1547, IEEE standard for interconnecting distributed resources with electric power systems. IEEE Std 1547.2-2008, pp 1–207

    Google Scholar 

  19. Lior Noam (2010) Energy resources and use: the present (2008) situation and possible sustainable paths to the future. Energy 35(6):2631–2638

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Ngan MS, Tan CW (2012) Assessment of economic viability of PV/wind/diesel hybrid energy system in southern Peninsular Malaysia. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 16(1):634–647

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Mulhausen J, Schaefer J, Mynam M, Guzman A, Donolo M (2010) Anti-islanding today, successful islanding in future. In: 63rd annual conference on protective relay engineers

    Google Scholar 

  22. Singam B, Hui LY (2006) Assessing SMS and PJD schemes of anti-islanding with varying quality factor. In: IEEE international conference on power and energy conference PECon’06

    Google Scholar 

  23. Xu W, Mauch K, Martel S (2004) An assessment of distributed generation islanding detection methods and issues for Canada. Report # CETC-Varennes 2004-074(TR), CANMET Energy Technology Centre, Varennes, Natural Resources Canada 53

    Google Scholar 

  24. Abdullah MA, Yatim AHM, Tan CW, Saidur R (2012) A review of maximum power point tracking algorithms for wind energy systems. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 16(5):3220–3227

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Funabashi T, Koyanagi K, Yokoyama R (2003) A review of islanding detection methods for distributed resources. In: Power tech conference proceedings, IEEE Bologna

    Google Scholar 

  26. Noor F, Arumugam R, Vaziri MY (2005) Unintentional islanding and comparison of prevention techniques. In: Power symposium proceedings of the 37th annual North American

    Google Scholar 

  27. Skocil T, Gomis-Bellmunt O, Montesinos-Miracle D, Galceran-Arellano S, Rull-Duran J (2009) Passive and active methods of islanding for PV systems. In: 13th European conference on power electronics and applications EPE’09

    Google Scholar 

  28. Aljankawey AS, Morsi WG, Chang L, Diduch CP (2010) Passive method based islanding detection of renewable based distributed generation: the issues. In: Electric power and energy conference (EPEC). IEEE, pp 1–8

    Google Scholar 

  29. Chowdhury SP, Chowdhury S, Chui FT, Crossley PA (2008) Islanding protection of distribution systems with distributed generators—A comprehensive survey report. Power and Energy Society General Meeting—Conversion and Delivery of Electrical Energy in the 21st century. IEEE, pp 1–8

    Google Scholar 

  30. Ward Bower and M Ropp (2002) Evaluation of islanding detection methods for utility-interactive inverters in photovoltaic systems. SAND2002-3591 unlimited release

    Google Scholar 

  31. Xuancai Z, Chengrui D, Guoqiao S, Min C, Dehong X (2009) Analysis of the non-detection zone with passive islanding detection methods for current control DG system. In: Applied power electronics conference and exposition twenty-fourth annual IEEE

    Google Scholar 

  32. Zhihong Y, Kolwalkar A, Yu Z, Pengwei D, Reigh W (2004) Evaluation of anti-islanding schemes based on nondetection zone concept. IEEE Trans Power Electron 19(5):1171–1176

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. De Mango F, Liserre M, Aquila AD, Pigazo A (2006) Overview of anti-islanding algorithms for PV systems. Part I: passive methods. In: 12th international conference on power electronics and motion control

    Google Scholar 

  34. Pukar M, Chen Z, Birgitte B-J (2008) Review of islanding detection methods for distributed generation. In: Third international conference on electric utility deregulation and restructuring and power technologies

    Google Scholar 

  35. Timbus A, Oudalov A, Ho CNM (2010) Islanding detection in smart grids. In: Energy conversion congress and exposition (ECCE). IEEE, pp 3631–3637

    Google Scholar 

  36. Trujillo CL, Velasco D, Figueres E, Garcera G (2010) Analysis of active islanding detection methods for grid-connected microinverters for renewable energy processing. Appl Energy 87(11):3591–3605

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Kunte RS, Wenzhong G (2008) Comparison and review of islanding detection techniques for distributed energy resources. In: Power symposium NAPS 40th North American

    Google Scholar 

  38. Doumbia ML, Agbossou K, Bose TK (2004) Islanding protection evaluation of inverter based grid-connected hybrid renewable energy system. In: Electrical and computer engineering Canadian conference

    Google Scholar 

  39. Beltran H, Gimeno F, Segui-Chilet S, Torrelo JM (2006) Review of the islanding phenomenon problem of connection of renewable energy systems. In: International conference on renewable energies and power quality

    Google Scholar 

  40. Kobayashi H, Takigawa K, Hashimoto E, Kitamura A, Matsuda H (1991) Method for preventing islanding phenomenon on utility grid with a number of small scale PV systems. In: Photovoltaic specialists conference. Conference record of the twenty second IEEE

    Google Scholar 

  41. Arruda LN, Silva SM, Filho BJC (2001) PLL structures for utility connected systems. In: Industry applications conference, thirty-sixth IAS annual meeting. Conference record of the 2001 IEEE

    Google Scholar 

  42. Best R (1993) Phase-locked loops: theory, design, and applications, 2nd edn. McGraw-Hill Inc., New York

    Google Scholar 

  43. Brennan PV (1996) Phase-locked loops: principles and practice. MacMillan Press Ltd

    Google Scholar 

  44. Ciobotaru M, Agelidis V, Teodorescu R (2008) Accurate and less disturbing active anti-islanding method based on PLL for grid-connected PV inverters. In: Power electronics specialists conference

    Google Scholar 

  45. Ciobotaru M, Agelidis VG, Teodorescu R, Blaabjerg F (2010) Accurate and less-disturbing active anti-islanding method based on PLL for grid-connected converters. IEEE Trans Power Electron 25(6):1576–1584

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Guan-Chyun H, Hung JC (1996) Phase-locked loop techniques—A survey. IEEE Trans Industr Electron 43(6):609–615

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Lindsey WC, Chak Ming C (1981) A survey of digital phase-locked loops. Proc IEEE 69(4):410–431

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Rey TJ, Lindsey WC, Chak Ming C (1982) Comments on “A survey of digital phase locked loops”. Proc IEEE 70(2):201–202

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Velasco D, Trujillo CL, Garcera G, Figueres E (2010) Review of anti-islanding techniques in distributed generators. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 14(6):1608–1614

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Liserre M, Pigazo A, Dell’aquilla A, Moreno VM (2006) An anti-islanding method for single phase inverters based on a grid voltage sensorless control. IEEE Trans Industr Electron 53(5):1418–1426

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Jang SI, Kim KH (2004) An islanding detection method for distributed generations using voltage unbalance and total harmonics distortion of current. IEEE Trans Power Delivery 19(2):745–752

    Google Scholar 

  52. Lopes LAC, Huili Sun (2006) Performance assessment of active frequency drifting islanding detection methods. IEEE Trans Energy Convers 21(1):171–180

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Liu F, Kang Y, Duan S (2007) Analysis and optimization of active frequency drift islanding detection method. In: Applied power electronics conference twenty second annual IEEE

    Google Scholar 

  54. Ropp ME, Begovic M, Rohatgi A (1999) Analysis and performance assessment of the active frequency drift method of islanding prevention. IEEE Trans Energy Convers 14(3):810–816

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Yu GJ, So JH, Jung YS, Choi JY, Jeong SG, Kim KH, Lee KO (2005) Boundary conditions of reactive power variation method and active frequency drift method for islanding detection of grid-connected photovoltaic inverters. In: Photovoltaic specialists conference. Conference record of the thirty-first IEEE

    Google Scholar 

  56. Jung Y, Choi J, Yu G (2007) A novel active anti-islanding method for grid-connected photovoltaic inverter. J Power Electron 7(1):64–71

    Google Scholar 

  57. Zhang C, Liu W, San G, Wu W (2006) A novel active islanding detection method of grid-connected photovoltaic inverters based on current-disturbing. In: CES/IEEE 5th international power electronics and motion control conference

    Google Scholar 

  58. LuY, Yi X, Wu J, Lin X (2006) An intelligent islanding technique considering load balance for distribution system with DGs. IEEE Power Engineering Society general meeting, vol 5

    Google Scholar 

  59. Chang WY (2010) A hybrid islanding detection method for distributed synchronous generators. In: 2010 international conference on power electronics

    Google Scholar 

  60. Ghazi R, Lotfi N (2010) A new hybrid intelligent based approach to islanding detection in distributed generation. In: 45th international conference on universities power engineering

    Google Scholar 

  61. Yin J, Chang L, Diduch C (2006) A new hybrid anti-islanding algorithm in grid-connected three-phase inverter system. In: 37th IEEE power electronics specialists conference

    Google Scholar 

  62. Menon V, Nehrir MH (2007) A hybrid islanding detection technique using voltage unbalance and frequency set point. IEEE Trans Power Syst 22(1):442–448

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Robitaille M, Agbossou K, Doumbia ML, Simard R (2011) Islanding detection method for a hybrid renewable energy system. Int J Renew Energy Res 1(1):41–53

    Google Scholar 

  64. Mayr C, Brundlinger R (2007) Optimized destabilizing islanding detection scheme for grid-tied inverters insensitive to short term network disturbances. In: European conference on power electronics and applications, pp 1–9

    Google Scholar 

  65. Etxegarai A, Eguia P, Zamora I (2011) Analysis of remote islanding detection methods for distributed resources. In: International conference on renewable energies and power quality

    Google Scholar 

  66. Redfern MA, Usta O, Fielding G (1993) Protection against loss of utility grid supply for a dispersed storage and generation unit. IEEE Trans Power Delivery 8(3):948–954

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Xu W, Zhang G, Li C, Wang W, Wang G, Kliber J (2007) A power line signalling based technique for anti-islanding protection of distributed generators—Part I: scheme and analysis. IEEE Trans Power Delivery 22(3):1758–1766

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Ropp ME, Aaker K, Haigh J, Sabbah N (2000) Using power line carrier communications to prevent islanding. Photovoltaic specialists conference. Conference record of the twenty-eighth IEEE

    Google Scholar 

  69. Ropp M, Larson D, Meendering S, Mcmahon D, Ginn J, Stevens J, Bower W, Gonzalez S, Fennell K, Brusseau L (2006) Discussion of a power line carrier communications based anti-islanding scheme using a commercial automatic meter reading system. Photovoltaic energy conversion. Conference record of the IEEE 4th world conference

    Google Scholar 

  70. Wang W, Kliber J, Zhang G, Xu W, Howell B, Palladino T (2007) A power line signalling based scheme for anti-islanding protection of distributed generators—Part II: field test results. IEEE Trans Power Delivery 22(3):1767–1772

    Google Scholar 

  71. Olli Rintamaki and Kimmo Kauhaniemi (2009) Applying modern communication technology to loss of mains protection. In: 20th international conference and exhibition on electricity distribution—Part 1, pp 1–4

    Google Scholar 

  72. Best RJ, John Morrow D, Laverty DM, Crossley PA (2010) Synchrophasor broadcast over internet protocol for distributed generator synchronization. IEEE Trans Power Delivery 25(4):2835–2841

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. Schweitzer EO III, Whitehead D, Zweigle G, Ravikumar KG (2010) Synchrophasor-based power system protection and control applications. In: 63rd annual conference on protective relay engineers, pp 1–10

    Google Scholar 

  74. IEEE (1986) IEEE recommended criteria for terrestrial photovoltaic power systems. ANSI/IEEE Std 928-1986, pp 1–10

    Google Scholar 

  75. IEEE (2000) IEEE recommended practice for utility interface of photovoltaic (PV) systems. IEEE Std 929-2000

    Google Scholar 

  76. IEA (International Energy Agency), Cullen N, Thronycroff J, Collinson A (2002) Risk analysis of islanding of photovoltaic power systems within low voltage distribution networks. Task V Report IEA PVPS T508:2002

    Google Scholar 

  77. Department of Standards Malaysia (2010) Photovoltaic (PV) systems—Characteristics of utility interface (IEC 61727:2004.IDT). MS IEC 61727:2010

    Google Scholar 

  78. Department of Standards Malaysia (2012) Test procedure of islanding prevention measures for utility-interconnected Photovoltaic inverters (IEC 62116:2008.IDT). MS IEC 62116:2012

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical Power Engineering (POWER), Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti of Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Malaysia

    Wei Yee Teoh & Chee Wei Tan

  2. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, Southern University College, Skudai, Malaysia

    Mei Shan Ngan

Authors
  1. Wei Yee Teoh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Chee Wei Tan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mei Shan Ngan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Chee Wei Tan .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Rajshahi University of Engg. and Tech., Rajshahi, Bangladesh

    Md. Rabiul Islam

  2. University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia

    Faz Rahman

  3. Huazhong University of Science & Tech., Wuhan, Hubei, China

    Wei Xu

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Teoh, W.Y., Tan, C.W., Ngan, M.S. (2016). A Study of Islanding Mode Control in Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems. In: Islam, M., Rahman, F., Xu, W. (eds) Advances in Solar Photovoltaic Power Plants. Green Energy and Technology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-50521-2_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-50521-2_7

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-50519-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-50521-2

  • eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation