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Bewegung und onkologische Erkrankungen

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Körperliche Aktivität und Gesundheit

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Zusammenfassung

Körperliche Aktivität und Bewegungstherapie gewinnen in der Primärprävention von Krebs sowie als gut verträgliche supportive Maßnahme während und nach der Krebstherapie zunehmend an Bedeutung. Ein protektiver Effekt durch körperliche Aktivität gilt bislang für Kolonkarzinome, postmenopausalen Brustkrebs und Gebärmutterschleimhautkrebs wissenschaftlich als gesichert. Bewegungsbezogene Studien während und nach der Krebstherapie konzentrierten sich primär auf ausdauerorientierte oder kombinierte Interventionen – zunehmend auch kraftorientierte Trainingsansätze – und häufige Tumorentitäten wie Brust- und Darmkrebs. Angepasste Bewegungstherapie verbessert oder erhält die Lebensqualität, das Wohlbefinden und die körperliche Leistungsfähigkeit und kann therapiebedingte Nebenwirkungen wie z. B. die Fatigue-Symptomatik reduzieren. Nach Abklärung von Kontraindikationen empfehlen die Fachgesellschaften eine an den allgemeinen Gesundheitssportempfehlungen orientierte, jedoch individualisierte Bewegungstherapie unter Berücksichtigung von tumor- und therapiespezifischen Besonderheiten, vorhandenen Nebenwirkungen, persönlichen Ressourcen wie Fitness sowie Vorerfahrungen und Präferenzen. Folgestudien unter Berücksichtigung weiterer Tumorentitäten und Zielgrößen sowie biologischer Wirkmechanismen können dazu beitragen, den bisherigen Kenntnisstand zu erweitern und die Bewegungsempfehlungen für Krebspatienten zunehmend zu spezifizieren.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Adjuvante Therapien umfassen alle Maßnahmen, die im Rahmen eines kurativen Therapiekonzeptes nach chirurgischer Tumorentfernung eingesetzt werden, um disseminierte Tumorzellen sowie subklinische Metastasen zu behandeln und somit das progressions- und rezidivfreie Intervall sowie das Gesamtüberleben zu verbessern.

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  1. Abteilung Sportmedizin, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Ginnheimer Landstraße 39, 60487, Frankfurt am Main

    Dr. phil. Katharina Schmidt & Prof. Dr. Dr. Winfried Banzer

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  1. Dr. phil. Katharina Schmidt
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  1. Institut für Sportwissenschaften, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Deutschland

    Winfried Banzer

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Schmidt, K., Banzer, W. (2017). Bewegung und onkologische Erkrankungen. In: Banzer, W. (eds) Körperliche Aktivität und Gesundheit. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-50335-5_16

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