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Atopisches Ekzem

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Braun-Falco's Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie

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Zusammenfassung

Das atopische Ekzem ist eine meist chronische, entzündliche, nicht kontagiöse Hauterkrankung, die mit starkem Juckreiz einhergeht und häufig familiär, allein oder in Verbindung mit Asthma bronchiale oder Rhinoconjunctivitis allergica auftritt. Bei den meisten Patienten lassen sich IgE-vermittelte Sensibilisierungen gegen Aero- oder Nahrungsmittelallergene nachweisen (extrinsisches atopisches Ekzem). Davon unterschieden wird ein morphologisch gleichartig sich präsentierendes Krankheitsbild, bei dem weder spezifische IgE-Antikörper im Serum noch Soforttyp-Reaktionen im Hauttest gegen verbreitete Aeroallergene nachweisbar sind (intrinsisches atopisches Ekzem). Die Prävalenz des atopischen Ekzems in Europa liegt bei 15–20 % bei Kindern und 1,5–5 % bei Erwachsenen. Wissenschaftliche Studien unterstreichen, dass in suszeptiblen Patienten ein epidermaler Barrieredefekt, zusammen mit einer mikrobiellen Fehlbesiedlung der Haut und neuroimmunologischen Prozessen, zu einer Entzündungsreaktion führt, die durch Th2-, Th22- und Th1-Zellen charakterisiert ist.

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Correspondence to Bernhard Homey .

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Homey, B., Ruzicka, T., Wollenberg, A. (2018). Atopisches Ekzem. In: Plewig, G., Ruzicka, T., Kaufmann, R., Hertl, M. (eds) Braun-Falco's Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie. Springer Reference Medizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49546-9_32-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49546-9_32-2

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