Skip to main content

The Numerical Tools for Star Cluster Formation Simulations

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Dynamics of Young Star Clusters and Associations

Part of the book series: Saas-Fee Advanced Course ((SAASFEE,volume 42))

  • 703 Accesses

Abstract

Stars form out of the collapse of cold, dark regions in GMCs within which the gravitational force can overcome the supportive effects provided by thermal pressure, magnetic fields and turbulent forces (so-called ‘supercritical regions’). The subsequent evolution of the dense self-gravitating gas from protostars to pre-main-sequence stars is driven by a combination of interactions between the star-disc system as well as dynamical evolution within the star cluster itself. This chapter introduces the reader to the main numerical techniques adopted in the study of star cluster simulations, primarily N-body, as well as grid-based and Lagrangian hydrodynamical codes. We begin by discussing the overly simplistic purely gravitational collapse scenario, before moving onto the inclusion of ‘additional physics’ such as magnetic fields as well as thermal and mechanical feedback in such codes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Aarseth, S. J. 2003, Gravitational N-Body Simulations, ed. Aarseth, S. J., Cambridge University Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Agertz, O., Moore, B., Stadel, J., et al. 2007, MNRAS, 380, 963

    Google Scholar 

  • Balsara, D. S. 1995, Journal of Computational Physics, 121, 357

    Google Scholar 

  • Barnes, J. & Hut, P. 1986, Nature, 324, 446

    Google Scholar 

  • Bate, M. R. 2011, MNRAS, 418, 703

    Google Scholar 

  • Bate, M. R., Bonnell, I. A., & Price, N. M. 1995, MNRAS, 277, 362

    Google Scholar 

  • Bell, J., Berger, M., Saltzman, J., & Welcome, M. 1994, SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing, 15, 27

    Google Scholar 

  • Berger, M. & Collela, P. J. 1989, Journal of Computational Physics, 82, 64

    Google Scholar 

  • Brandenburg, A. 2010, MNRAS, 401, 347

    Google Scholar 

  • Cullen, L. & Dehnen, W. 2010, MNRAS, 408, 669

    Google Scholar 

  • Dale, J. E. & Bonnell, I. A. 2008, MNRAS, 391, 2

    Google Scholar 

  • Dale, J. E., Bonnell, I. A., Clarke, C. J., & Bate, M. R. 2005, MNRAS, 358, 291

    Google Scholar 

  • Dale, J. E., Ercolano, B., & Clarke, C. J. 2007, MNRAS, 382, 1759

    Google Scholar 

  • Dehnen, W. & Read, J. I. 2011, European Physical Journal Plus, 126, 55

    Google Scholar 

  • Dolag, K. & Stasyszyn, F. 2009, MNRAS, 398, 1678

    Google Scholar 

  • Federrath, C., Banerjee, R., Clark, P. C., & Klessen, R. S. 2010, ApJ, 713, 269

    Google Scholar 

  • Forgan, D., Rice, K., Stamatellos, D., & Whitworth, A. 2009, MNRAS, 394, 882

    Google Scholar 

  • Freitag, M. & Benz, W. 2001, A&A, 375, 711

    Google Scholar 

  • Haisch, Jr., K. E., Lada, E. A., & Lada, C. J. 2001, ApJ, 553, L153

    Google Scholar 

  • Heggie, D. & Hut, P. 2003, The Gravitational Million-Body Problem: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Star Cluster Dynamics, ed. Heggie, D. and Hut, P., Cambridge University Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Hénon, M. H. 1971, Ap&SS, 14, 151

    Google Scholar 

  • Hubber, D. A., Allison, R. J., Smith, R., & Goodwin, S. P. 2013a, MNRAS, 430, 1599

    Google Scholar 

  • Hubber, D. A., Falle, S. A. E. G., & Goodwin, S. P. 2013b, MNRAS, 432, 711

    Google Scholar 

  • Hubber, D. A., Walch, S., & Whitworth, A. P. 2013c, MNRAS, 430, 3261

    Google Scholar 

  • Junk, V., Walch, S., Heitsch, F., et al. 2010, MNRAS, 407, 1933

    Google Scholar 

  • Kessel-Deynet, O. & Burkert, A. 2000, MNRAS, 315, 713

    Google Scholar 

  • Kitsionas, S., Federrath, C., Klessen, R. S., et al. 2009, A&A, 508, 541

    Google Scholar 

  • Kotarba, H., Lesch, H., Dolag, K., et al. 2009, MNRAS, 397, 733

    Google Scholar 

  • Kritsuk, A. G., Norman, M. L., Padoan, P., & Wagner, R. 2007, ApJ, 665, 416

    Google Scholar 

  • Krumholz, M. R., McKee, C. F., & Klein, R. I. 2004, ApJ, 611, 399

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuiper, R., Klahr, H., Dullemond, C., Kley, W., & Henning, T. 2010, A&A, 511, A81

    Google Scholar 

  • Kustaanheimo, P. & Stiefel, E. L. 1965, J. Reine Angew. Math., 218, 204

    Google Scholar 

  • Lemaster, M. N. & Stone, J. M. 2008, ApJ, 682, L97

    Google Scholar 

  • Levermore, C. D. & Pomraning, G. C. 1981, ApJ, 248, 321

    Google Scholar 

  • Masunaga, H. & Inutsuka, S.-I. 2000, ApJ, 531, 350

    Google Scholar 

  • Mikkola, S. & Aarseth, S. J. 1990, Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy, 47, 375

    Google Scholar 

  • Mikkola, S. & Aarseth, S. J. 1993, Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy, 57, 439

    Google Scholar 

  • Mikkola, S. & Aarseth, S. 2002, Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy, 84, 343

    Google Scholar 

  • Monaghan, J. J. 1992, ARA&A, 30, 543

    Google Scholar 

  • Monaghan, J. J. 2005, Reports on Progress in Physics, 68, 1703

    Google Scholar 

  • Morris, J. P. & Monaghan, J. J. 1997, Journal of Computational Physics, 136, 41

    Google Scholar 

  • Ostriker, J. P. & McKee, C. F. 1988, Reviews of Modern Physics, 60, 1

    Google Scholar 

  • Owen, J. E., Ercolano, B., & Clarke, C. J. 2012, in Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings, Vol. 36, The Labyrinth of Star Formation, ed. D. Stamatellos, S. Goodwin, & D. Ward-Thompson, Springer International Publishing, 127

    Google Scholar 

  • Petkova, M. & Springel, V. 2009, MNRAS, 396, 1383

    Google Scholar 

  • Petkova, M. & Springel, V. 2011, MNRAS, 412, 935

    Google Scholar 

  • Price, D. J. 2008, Journal of Computational Physics, 227, 10040

    Google Scholar 

  • Price, D. J. 2010, MNRAS, 401, 1475

    Google Scholar 

  • Price, D. J. 2012, MNRAS, 420, L33

    Google Scholar 

  • Price, D. J. & Bate, M. R. 2007, MNRAS, 377, 77

    Google Scholar 

  • Price, D. J. & Federrath, C. 2010, MNRAS, 406, 1659

    Google Scholar 

  • Price, D. J. & Monaghan, J. J. 2007, MNRAS, 374, 1347

    Google Scholar 

  • Read, J. I., Hayfield, T., & Agertz, O. 2010, MNRAS, 405, 1513

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, H. & Pittard, J. M. 2013, MNRAS, 431, 1337

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosswog, S. & Price, D. 2007, MNRAS, 379, 915

    Google Scholar 

  • Shu, F. H., Adams, F. C., & Lizano, S. 1987, ARA&A, 25, 23

    Google Scholar 

  • Sijacki, D., Vogelsberger, M., Kereš, D., Springel, V., & Hernquist, L. 2012, MNRAS, 424, 2999

    Google Scholar 

  • Springel, V. 2010a, MNRAS, 401, 791

    Google Scholar 

  • Springel, V. 2010b, ARA&A, 48, 391

    Google Scholar 

  • Stamatellos, D., Whitworth, A. P., & Ward-Thompson, D. 2007, MNRAS, 379, 1390

    Google Scholar 

  • Stone, J. M. & Norman, M. L. 1992, ApJS, 80, 753

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitehouse, S. C. & Bate, M. R. 2004, MNRAS, 353, 1078

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitehouse, S. C., Bate, M. R., & Monaghan, J. J. 2005, MNRAS, 364, 1367

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilkins, D. R. & Clarke, C. J. 2012, MNRAS, 419, 3368

    Google Scholar 

  • Young, M. D., Bertram, E., Moeckel, N., & Clarke, C. J. 2012, MNRAS, 426, 1061

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Cathie J. Clarke .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Clarke, C.J. (2015). The Numerical Tools for Star Cluster Formation Simulations. In: Meyer, M., Eyer, L., Bell, C. (eds) Dynamics of Young Star Clusters and Associations. Saas-Fee Advanced Course, vol 42. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-47290-3_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-47290-3_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-47289-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-47290-3

  • eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics