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Histological and Immunofluorescence Diagnosis of Autoimmune Blistering Diseases

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Blistering Diseases

Abstract

The diagnosis of autoimmune blistering diseases is generally based on the combination of clinical features together with histological findings, as well as the results of immunofluorescence exams (direct and indirect techniques). Autoimmune blistering diseases can be classified based on histological findings in two major groups: intraepidermal and subepidermal blistering diseases. Within the first group (the pemphigus groups), blisters occur within the epidermis, and it includes pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigus foliaceus, paraneoplastic pemphigus, and IgA pemphigus. The second group of diseases is characterized by blister formation just below the epidermis and comprises bullous pemphigoid, pemphigoid gestationis, mucous membrane pemphigoid, linear IgA bullous dermatosis, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, and bullous systemic lupus erythematosus. In addition, immunofluorescence examination will demonstrate the presence of autoantibodies attached to the skin of patients or circulating in the serum. The immunofluorescence pattern produced by these autoantibodies in each disease will further specify the diagnosis.

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  1. Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clínic and Barcelona University Medical School, Barcelona, Spain

    Jose M. Mascaró Jr. MD

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  1. Department of Dermatology, St George Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

    Dédée F. Murrell

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Mascaró, J.M. (2015). Histological and Immunofluorescence Diagnosis of Autoimmune Blistering Diseases. In: Murrell, D. (eds) Blistering Diseases. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45698-9_16

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45698-9_16

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