Abstract
Carcinoid tumors are rare, slow-growing, well-differentiated endocrine tumors and originated from the enterochromaffin cells in the neuroendocrine system. The most common location of carcinoid tumors is the gastrointestinal tract. Carcinoid syndrome occurs in less than 10 % of patients with carcinoid tumors. A number of symptoms including flushing, wheezing, diarrhea, asthma-like symptoms, abdominal pain, diaphoresis, skin lesions, hypotension, and valvular heart disease, especially pulmonary or tricuspid valve involvement, are principal features of the carcinoid syndrome. The signs and symptoms occur due to hormone and peptide and their metabolites secreting from the tumor cells into the bloodstream. Most cases only occur after metastatic spread to the liver.
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Kilickap, S., Yalcin, S. (2015). Carcinoid Syndrome. In: Yalcin, S., Öberg, K. (eds) Neuroendocrine Tumours. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45215-8_29
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45215-8_29
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