Skip to main content

Rheumatologische Krankheiten und Schwangerschaft: Systemischer Lupus erythematodes, Antiphospholipidsyndrom, rheumatoide Arthritis, Spondyloarthritis, systemische Sklerose, entzündliche Myopathien und Vaskulitis

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Die Geburtshilfe

Part of the book series: Springer Reference Medizin ((SRM))

  • 62 Accesses

Zusammenfassung

In der Schwangerschaft kommt es zu einer Veränderung des mütterlichen Immunsystems. Diese immunologischen Veränderungen können sich in positiver oder negativer Form auf eine autoimmune Rheumaerkrankung der Schwangeren auswirken. Eine erhöhte Krankheitsaktivität in der Schwangerschaft kann zu vermehrten maternalen und fetalen/neonatalen Risiken führen. Deshalb sollten Patientinnen mit chronisch entzündlichen Rheumaerkrankungen ihre Schwangerschaft in einer inaktiven und stabilen Krankheitsphase planen, eine schwangerschaftskompatible Therapie fortführen und interdisziplinär betreut werden.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

Literatur

  • Akiyama C, Shirai T, Sato H, Fujii H, Ishii T, Harigae H (2022) Association of various myositis-specific autoantibodies with dermatomyositis and polymyositis triggered by pregnancy. Rheumatol Int 42(7):1271–1280

    Google Scholar 

  • Albert CR, Schlesinger WJ, Viall CA, Mulla MJ, Brosens JJ, Chamley LW et al (2014) Effect of hydroxychloroquine on antiphospholipid antibody-induced changes in first trimester trophoblast function. Am J Reprod Immunol 71(2):154–164

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aletaha D, Neogi T, Silman AJ, Funovits J, Felson DT, Bingham CO 3rd et al (2010) 2010 rheumatoid arthritis classification criteria: an American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism collaborative initiative. Ann Rheum Dis 69(9):1580–1588

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alijotas-Reig J, Ferrer-Oliveras R, Ruffatti A, Tincani A, Lefkou E, Bertero MT et al (2015) The European Registry on Obstetric Antiphospholipid Syndrome (EUROAPS): a survey of 247 consecutive cases. Autoimmun Rev 14(5):387–395

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Amengual O, Fujita D, Ota E, Carmona L, Oku K, Sugiura-Ogasawara M et al (2015) Primary prophylaxis to prevent obstetric complications in asymptomatic women with antiphospholipid antibodies: a systematic review. Lupus 24(11):1135–1142

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Andreoli L, Chighizola CB, Banzato A, Pons-Estel GJ, Ramire de Jesus G, Erkan D (2013) Estimated frequency of antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with pregnancy morbidity, stroke, myocardial infarction, and deep vein thrombosis: a critical review of the literature. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 65(11):1869–1873

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Andreoli L, Bertsias GK, Agmon-Levin N, Brown S, Cervera R, Costedoat-Chalumeau N et al (2017) EULAR recommendations for women’s health and the management of family planning, assisted reproduction, pregnancy and menopause in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and/or antiphospholipid syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 76(3):476–485

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Appenzeller S, Souza FH, Silva W, de Souza A, Shoenfeld Y, de Carvalho JF (2011) HELLP syndrome and its relationship with antiphospholipid syndrome and antiphospholipid antibodies. Semin Arthritis Rheum 41(3):517–523

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Areia AL, Fonseca E, Areia M, Moura P (2016) Low-molecular-weight heparin plus aspirin versus aspirin alone in pregnant women with hereditary thrombophilia to improve live birth rate: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Gynecol Obstet 293(1):81–86

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Asherson RA (1988) A „primary“ antiphospholipid syndrome? J Rheumatol 15(12):1742–1746

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Askie LM, Duley L, Henderson-Smart DJ, Stewart LA (2007) Antiplatelet agents for prevention of pre-eclampsia: a meta-analysis of individual patient data. Lancet 369(9575):1791–1798

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Assad AP, da Silva TF, Bonfa E, Pereira RM (2015) Maternal and neonatal outcomes in 89 patients with Takayasu arteritis (TA): comparison before and after the TA diagnosis. J Rheumatol 42(10):1861–1864

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Avouac J, Gossec L, Dougados M (2006) Diagnostic and predictive value of anti-cyclic citrullinated protein antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic literature review. Ann Rheum Dis 65(7):845–851

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baraliakos X, Braun J (2011) Spondyloarthritides. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 25(6):825–842

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barros T, Braga A, Marinho A, Braga J (2021) Behcet’s disease and pregnancy: a retrospective case-control study. Yale J Biol Med 94(4):585–592

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bedard E, Dimopoulos K, Gatzoulis MA (2009) Has there been any progress made on pregnancy outcomes among women with pulmonary arterial hypertension? Eur Heart J 30(3):256–265

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Belhocine M, Coutte L, Martin Silva N, Morel N, Guettrot-Imbert G, Paule R et al (2018) Intrauterine fetal deaths related to antiphospholipid syndrome: a descriptive study of 65 women. Arthritis Res Ther 20(1):249

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Belizna C (2015) Hydroxychloroquine as an anti-thrombotic in antiphospholipid syndrome. Autoimmun Rev 14(4):358–362

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berman M, Zisman D, Wollman J, Levartovsky D, Rimon E, Elkayam O et al (2018) The effect of pregnancy on disease activity in patients with psoriatic arthritis. J Rheumatol 45(12):1651–1655

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blagojevic J, AlOdhaibi KA, Aly AM, Bellando-Randone S, Lepri G, Bruni C et al (2020) Pregnancy in systemic sclerosis: results of a systematic review and metaanalysis. J Rheumatol 47(6):881–887

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bontadi A, Ruffatti A, Marson P, Tison T, Tonello M, Hoxha A et al (2012) Plasma exchange and immunoadsorption effectively remove antiphospholipid antibodies in pregnant patients with antiphospholipid syndrome. J Clin Apher 27(4):200–204

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bortolati M, Marson P, Chiarelli S, Tison T, Facchinetti M, Gervasi MT et al (2009) Case reports of the use of immunoadsorption or plasma exchange in high-risk pregnancies of women with antiphospholipid syndrome. Ther Apher Dial 13(2):157–160

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bouvier S, Cochery-Nouvellon E, Lavigne-Lissalde G, Mercier E, Marchetti T, Balducchi JP et al (2014) Comparative incidence of pregnancy outcomes in treated obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome: the NOH-APS observational study. Blood 123(3):404–413

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bowman ZS, Wunsche V, Porter TF, Silver RM, Branch DW (2015) Prevalence of antiphospholipid antibodies and risk of subsequent adverse obstetric outcomes in women with prior pregnancy loss. J Reprod Immunol 107:59–63

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brackley KJ, Ismail KM, Wright JG, Kilby MD (2000) The resolution of fetal hydrops using combined maternal digoxin and dexamethasone therapy in a case of isolated complete heart block at 30 weeks gestation. Fetal Diagn Ther 15(6):355–358

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bramham K, Thomas M, Nelson-Piercy C, Khamashta M, Hunt BJ (2011) First-trimester low-dose prednisolone in refractory antiphospholipid antibody-related pregnancy loss. Blood 117(25):6948–6951

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Branch DW, Scott JR, Kochenour NK, Hershgold E (1985) Obstetric complications associated with the lupus anticoagulant. N Engl J Med 313(21):1322–1326

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Branch DW, Andres R, Digre KB, Rote NS, Scott JR (1989) The association of antiphospholipid antibodies with severe preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol 73(4):541–545

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Branch DW, Silver RM, Blackwell JL, Reading JC, Scott JR (1992) Outcome of treated pregnancies in women with antiphospholipid syndrome: an update of the Utah experience. Obstet Gynecol 80(4):614–620

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brandt S van den, Zbinden A, Baeten D, Villiger PM, Ostensen M, Forger F. Risk factors for flare and treatment of disease flares during pregnancy in rheumatoid arthritis and axial spondyloarthritis patients. Arthritis Res Ther 2017;19(1):64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brouwer J, Laven JS, Hazes JM, Schipper I, Dolhain RJ (2013) Levels of serum anti-Mullerian hormone, a marker for ovarian reserve, in women with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care Res 65(9):1534–1538

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brouwer J, Hazes JM, Laven JS, Dolhain RJ (2015) Fertility in women with rheumatoid arthritis: influence of disease activity and medication. Ann Rheum Dis 74(10):1836–1841

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brucato A, Franceschini F, Gasparini M, De Juli E, Ferraro G, Quinzanini M et al (1995) Isolated congenital complete heart block: longterm outcome of mothers, maternal antibody specificity and immunogenetic background. J Rheumatol 22(3):533–540

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carp HJ, Shoenfeld Y (2007) Anti-phospholipid antibodies and infertility. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 32(2):159–161

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Caruso A, De Carolis S, Ferrazzani S, Valesini G, Caforio L, Mancuso S (1993) Pregnancy outcome in relation to uterine artery flow velocity waveforms and clinical characteristics in women with antiphospholipid syndrome. Obstet Gynecol 82(6):970–977

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cervera R (2017) Antiphospholipid syndrome. Thromb Res 151(Suppl 1):S43–S47

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cervera R, Serrano R, Pons-Estel GJ, Ceberio-Hualde L, Shoenfeld Y, de Ramon E et al (2015) Morbidity and mortality in the antiphospholipid syndrome during a 10-year period: a multicentre prospective study of 1000 patients. Ann Rheum Dis 74(6):1011–1018

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chaemsaithong P, Cuenca-Gomez D, Plana MN, Gil MM, Poon LC (2020) Does low-dose aspirin initiated before 11 weeks’ gestation reduce the rate of preeclampsia? Am J Obstet Gynecol 222(5):437–450

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cimaz R, Spence DL, Hornberger L, Silverman ED (2003) Incidence and spectrum of neonatal lupus erythematosus: a prospective study of infants born to mothers with anti-Ro autoantibodies. J Pediatr 142(6):678–683

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clark CA, Davidovits J, Spitzer KA, Laskin CA (2013) The lupus anticoagulant: results from 2257 patients attending a high-risk pregnancy clinic. Blood 122(3):341–347. quiz 466

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clark EA, Silver RM, Branch DW (2007) Do antiphospholipid antibodies cause preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome? Curr Rheumatol Rep 9(3):219–225

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clowse ME, Magder LS, Witter F, Petri M (2006a) Early risk factors for pregnancy loss in lupus. Obstet Gynecol 107(2 Pt 1):293–299

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clowse ME, Magder L, Witter F, Petri M (2006b) Hydroxychloroquine in lupus pregnancy. Arthritis Rheum 54(11):3640–3647

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clowse MEB, Eudy AM, Kiernan E, Williams MR, Bermas B, Chakravarty E et al (2018) The prevention, screening and treatment of congenital heart block from neonatal lupus: a survey of provider practices. Rheumatology (Oxford) 57(Suppl_5):v9–v17

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohn DM, Goddijn M, Middeldorp S, Korevaar JC, Dawood F, Farquharson RG (2010) Recurrent miscarriage and antiphospholipid antibodies: prognosis of subsequent pregnancy. J Thromb Haemost 8(10):2208–2213

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Comarmond C, Mirault T, Biard L, Nizard J, Lambert M, Wechsler B et al (2015) Takayasu arteritis and pregnancy. Arthritis Rheumatol 67(12):3262–3269

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Comarmond C, Saadoun D, Nizard J, Cacoub P (2020) Pregnancy issues in Takayasu arteritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 50(5):911–914

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Copel JA, Buyon JP, Kleinman CS (1995) Successful in utero therapy of fetal heart block. Am J Obstet Gynecol 173(5):1384–1390

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Costantine MM (2016) Pravastatin to prevent obstetrical complications in women with antiphospholipid syndrome. J Clin Invest 126(8):2792–2794

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Costedoat-Chalumeau N, Morel N, Fischer-Betz R, Levesque K, Maltret A, Khamashta M et al (2019) Routine repeated echocardiographic monitoring of fetuses exposed to maternal anti-SSA antibodies: time to question the dogma. Lancet Rheumatol 1(3):e187–e193

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cuneo BF, Ambrose SE, Tworetzky W (2016) Detection and successful treatment of emergent anti-SSA-mediated fetal atrioventricular block. Am J Obstet Gynecol 215(4):527–528

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dathe K, Schaefer C (2019) The use of medication in pregnancy. Dtsch Arztebl Intl 116(46):783–790

    Google Scholar 

  • Dathe K, Fietz AK, Pritchard LW, Padberg S, Hultzsch S, Meixner K et al (2018a) No evidence of adverse pregnancy outcome after exposure to ibuprofen in the first trimester – evaluation of the national Embryotox cohort. Reprod Toxicol 79:32–38

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dathe K, Padberg S, Hultzsch S, Kohler LM, Meixner K, Fietz AK et al (2018b) Exposure to cox-2 inhibitors (coxibs) during the first trimester and pregnancy outcome: a prospective observational cohort study. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 74(4):489–495

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dathe K, Hultzsch S, Pritchard LW, Schaefer C (2019) Risk estimation of fetal adverse effects after short-term second trimester exposure to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: a literature review. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 75(10):1347–1353

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Carolis S, Botta A, Salvi S, di Pasquo E, Del Sordo G, Garufi C et al (2015) Is there any role for the hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in refractory obstetrical antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) treatment? Autoimmun Rev 14(9):760–762

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Wolf F, Carreras LO, Moerman P, Vermylen J, Van Assche A, Renaer M (1982) Decidual vasculopathy and extensive placental infarction in a patient with repeated thromboembolic accidents, recurrent fetal loss, and a lupus anticoagulant. Am J Obstet Gynecol 142(7):829–834

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Del Porto F, Ferrero S, Cifani N, Sesti G, Proietta M (2022) Antiphospholipid antibodies and idiopathic infertility. Lupus 9612033221076735

    Google Scholar 

  • Desai RJ, Bateman BT, Huybrechts KF, Patorno E, Hernandez-Diaz S, Park Y et al (2017) Risk of serious infections associated with use of immunosuppressive agents in pregnant women with autoimmune inflammatory conditions: cohort study. BMJ 356:j895

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Di Rosa R, Ferrero S, Cifani N, Ferri L, Proietta M, Picchianti Diamanti A et al (2019) In vitro fertilization and autoimmunity: Evidence from an observational study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 234:137–142

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diav-Citrin O, Shechtman S, Schwartz V, Avgil-Tsadok M, Finkel-Pekarsky V, Wajnberg R et al (2010) Pregnancy outcome after in utero exposure to colchicine. Am J Obstet Gynecol 203(2):144.e1–6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dilley RJ, Nataatmadja MI (1998) Heparin inhibits mesenteric vascular hypertrophy in angiotensin II-infusion hypertension in rats. Cardiovasc Res 38(1):247–255

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • El Hasbani G, Khamashta M, Uthman I (2020) Antiphospholipid syndrome and infertility. Lupus 29(2):105–117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • El-Haieg DO, Zanati MF, El-Foual FM (2007) Plasmapheresis and pregnancy outcome in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 99(3):236–241

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Empson M, Lassere M, Craig J, Scott J (2005) Prevention of recurrent miscarriage for women with antiphospholipid antibody or lupus anticoagulant. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2):CD002859

    Google Scholar 

  • Farquharson RG, Quenby S, Greaves M (2002) Antiphospholipid syndrome in pregnancy: a randomized, controlled trial of treatment. Obstet Gynecol 100(3):408–413

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fesslova V, Vignati G, Brucato A, De Sanctis M, Butera G, Pisoni MP et al (2009) The impact of treatment of the fetus by maternal therapy on the fetal and postnatal outcomes for fetuses diagnosed with isolated complete atrioventricular block. Cardiol Young 19(3):282–290

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Forger F (2016) Ther Umsch 73(7):385–391

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Forger F, Villiger PM (2016) Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis during pregnancy: present and future. Expert Rev Clin Immunol:1–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Forger F, Villiger PM (2020) Immunological adaptations in pregnancy that modulate rheumatoid arthritis disease activity. Nat Rev Rheumatol 16(2):113–122

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Forger F, Ostensen M, Schumacher A, Villiger PM (2005) Impact of pregnancy on health related quality of life evaluated prospectively in pregnant women with rheumatic diseases by the SF-36 health survey. Ann Rheum Dis 64(10):1494–1499

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Forger F, Vallbracht I, Helmke K, Villiger PM, Ostensen M (2012) Pregnancy mediated improvement of rheumatoid arthritis. Swiss Med Wkly 142:w13644

    Google Scholar 

  • Frampton G, Cameron JS, Thom M, Jones S, Raftery M (1987) Successful removal of anti-phospholipid antibody during pregnancy using plasma exchange and low-dose prednisolone. Lancet 2(8566):1023–1024

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frassi M, Brucato A, Cavazzana I, Franceschini F, Faden D, Motta M et al (2001) Neonatal lupus: clinical features and risk of congenital cardiac heart block in newborns from mothers with anti Ro/SSA antibodies. Reumatismo 53(4):298–304

    Google Scholar 

  • Gatto M, Iaccarino L, Canova M, Zen M, Nalotto L, Ramonda R et al (2012) Pregnancy and vasculitis: a systematic review of the literature. Autoimmun Rev 11(6–7):A447–A459

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Girardi G, Redecha P, Salmon JE (2004) Heparin prevents antiphospholipid antibody-induced fetal loss by inhibiting complement activation. Nat Med 10(11):1222–1226

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gotestam Skorpen C, Hoeltzenbein M, Tincani A, Fischer-Betz R, Elefant E, Chambers C et al (2016) The EULAR points to consider for use of antirheumatic drugs before pregnancy, and during pregnancy and lactation. Ann Rheum Dis 75(5):795–810

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gotestam Skorpen C, Lydersen S, Gilboe IM, Skomsvoll JF, Salvesen KA, Palm O et al (2017) Disease activity during pregnancy and the first year postpartum in women with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Care Res 69(8):1201–1208

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hafeli C, Forger F (2021) Current aspects of antirheumatic therapy in pregnancy planning, during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Z Rheumatol 80(8):716–725

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hamroun S, Hamroun A, Bigna JJ, Allado E, Forger F, Molto A (2022) Fertility and pregnancy outcomes in women with spondyloarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rheumatology 61(4):1314–1327

    Google Scholar 

  • Hatemi G, Christensen R, Bang D, Bodaghi B, Celik AF, Fortune F et al (2018) 2018 update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of Behcet’s syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 77(6):808–818

    Google Scholar 

  • Helgadottir LB, Skjeldestad FE, Jacobsen AF, Sandset PM, Jacobsen EM (2012) The association of antiphospholipid antibodies with intrauterine fetal death: a case-control study. Thromb Res 130(1):32–37

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henes J, Pecher AC (2021) New aspects of rare rheumatic diseases during pregnancy. Z Rheumatol 80(8):707–715

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoeltzenbein M, Elefant E, Vial T, Finkel-Pekarsky V, Stephens S, Clementi M et al (2012) Teratogenicity of mycophenolate confirmed in a prospective study of the European Network of Teratology Information Services. Am J Med Genet A 158A(3):588–596

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huong DL, Wechsler B, Bletry O, Vauthier-Brouzes D, Lefebvre G, Piette JC (2001) A study of 75 pregnancies in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome. J Rheumatol 28(9):2025–2030

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ibba-Manneschi L, Manetti M, Milia AF, Miniati I, Benelli G, Guiducci S et al (2010) Severe fibrotic changes and altered expression of angiogenic factors in maternal scleroderma: placental findings. Ann Rheum Dis 69(2):458–461

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Imbasciati E, Tincani A, Gregorini G, Doria A, Moroni G, Cabiddu G et al (2009) Pregnancy in women with pre-existing lupus nephritis: predictors of fetal and maternal outcome. Nephrol Dial Transplant 24(2):519–525

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Izmirly P, Kim M, Friedman DM, Costedoat-Chalumeau N, Clancy R, Copel JA et al (2020) Hydroxychloroquine to prevent recurrent congenital heart block in fetuses of anti-SSA/Ro-positive mothers. J Am Coll Cardiol 76(3):292–302

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Izmirly PM, Rivera TL, Buyon JP (2007) Neonatal lupus syndromes. Rheum Dis Clin N Am 33(2):267–285, vi

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Izmirly PM, Costedoat-Chalumeau N, Pisoni CN, Khamashta MA, Kim MY, Saxena A et al (2012) Maternal use of hydroxychloroquine is associated with a reduced risk of recurrent anti-SSA/Ro-antibody-associated cardiac manifestations of neonatal lupus. Circulation 126(1):76–82

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jethwa H, Lam S, Smith C, Giles I (2019) Does rheumatoid arthritis really improve during pregnancy? A systematic review and metaanalysis. J Rheumatol 46(3):245–250

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Julkunen H, Kurki P, Kaaja R, Heikkila R, Immonen I, Chan EK et al (1993) Isolated congenital heart block. Long-term outcome of mothers and characterization of the immune response to SS-A/Ro and to SS-B/La. Arthritis Rheum 36(11):1588–1598

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karnabi E, Qu Y, Wadgaonkar R, Mancarella S, Yue Y, Chahine M et al (2010) Congenital heart block: identification of autoantibody binding site on the extracellular loop (domain I, S5-S6) of alpha(1D) L-type Ca channel. J Autoimmun 34(2):80–86

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khizroeva J, Nalli C, Bitsadze V, Lojacono A, Zatti S, Andreoli L et al (2019) Infertility in women with systemic autoimmune diseases. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 33(6):101369

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim MY, Buyon JP, Guerra MM, Rana S, Zhang D, Laskin CA et al (2016) Angiogenic factor imbalance early in pregnancy predicts adverse outcomes in patients with lupus and antiphospholipid antibodies: results of the PROMISSE study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 214(1):108.e1–e14

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kobayashi S, Tamura N, Tsuda H, Mokuno C, Hashimoto H, Hirose S (1992) Immunoadsorbent plasmapheresis for a patient with antiphospholipid syndrome during pregnancy. Ann Rheum Dis 51(3):399–401

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kohno M, Yokokawa K, Yasunari K, Minami M, Kano H, Mandal AK et al (1998) Heparin inhibits human coronary artery smooth muscle cell migration. Metabolism 47(9):1065–1069

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kolstad KD, Fiorentino D, Li S, Chakravarty EF, Chung L (2018) Pregnancy outcomes in adult patients with dermatomyositis and polymyositis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 47(6):865–869

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kotter I (2020) Behcet’s syndrome : current diagnostics and treatment. Z Rheumatol 79(9):873–882

    Google Scholar 

  • Krause I, Blank M, Fraser A, Lorber M, Stojanovich L, Rovensky J et al (2005) The association of thrombocytopenia with systemic manifestations in the antiphospholipid syndrome. Immunobiology 210(10):749–754

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kutteh WH (1996) Antiphospholipid antibody-associated recurrent pregnancy loss: treatment with heparin and low-dose aspirin is superior to low-dose aspirin alone. Am J Obstet Gynecol 174(5):1584–1589

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laskin CA, Spitzer KA, Clark CA, Crowther MR, Ginsberg JS, Hawker GA et al (2009) Low molecular weight heparin and aspirin for recurrent pregnancy loss: results from the randomized, controlled HepASA Trial. J Rheumatol 36(2):279–287

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lateef A, Petri M (2013) Managing lupus patients during pregnancy. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 27(3):435–447

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lazzaroni MG, Crisafulli F, Moschetti L, Semeraro P, Cunha AR, Neto A et al (2022) Reproductive issues and pregnancy implications in systemic sclerosis. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-021-08910-0

  • Le Thi TD, Tieulie N, Costedoat N, Andreu MR, Wechsler B, Vauthier-Brouzes D et al (2005) The HELLP syndrome in the antiphospholipid syndrome: retrospective study of 16 cases in 15 women. Ann Rheum Dis 64(2):273–278

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lefkou E, Mamopoulos A, Fragakis N, Dagklis T, Vosnakis C, Nounopoulos E et al (2014) Clinical improvement and successful pregnancy in a preeclamptic patient with antiphospholipid syndrome treated with pravastatin. Hypertension 63(5):e118–e119

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lima F, Khamashta MA, Buchanan NM, Kerslake S, Hunt BJ, Hughes GR (1996) A study of sixty pregnancies in patients with the antiphospholipid syndrome. Clin Exp Rheumatol 14(2):131–136

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Litvinova E, Darnige L, Kirilovsky A, Burnel Y, de Luna G, Dragon-Durey MA (2018) Prevalence and significance of non-conventional antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with clinical APS criteria. Front Immunol 9:2971

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lockshin MD, Druzin ML, Goei S, Qamar T, Magid MS, Jovanovic L et al (1985) Antibody to cardiolipin as a predictor of fetal distress or death in pregnant patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. N Engl J Med 313(3):152–156

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lockshin MD, Kim M, Laskin CA, Guerra M, Branch DW, Merrill J et al (2012) Prediction of adverse pregnancy outcome by the presence of lupus anticoagulant, but not anticardiolipin antibody, in patients with antiphospholipid antibodies. Arthritis Rheum 64(7):2311–2318

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lundberg IE, Fujimoto M, Vencovsky J, Aggarwal R, Holmqvist M, Christopher-Stine L et al (2021) Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Nat Rev Dis Primers 7(1):86

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Man YA de, Hazes JM, van der Heide H, Willemsen SP, de Groot CJ, Steegers EA, et al. Association of higher rheumatoid arthritis disease activity during pregnancy with lower birth weight: results of a national prospective study. Arthritis Rheum 2009;60(11):3196–3206.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mankee A, Petri M, Magder LS (2015) Lupus anticoagulant, disease activity and low complement in the first trimester are predictive of pregnancy loss. Lupus Sci Med 2(1):e000095

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marchetti T, Ruffatti A, Wuillemin C, Moerloose P de, Cohen M. Hydroxychloroquine restores trophoblast fusion affected by antiphospholipid antibodies. J Thromb Haemost 2014;12(6):910–920.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maurer B (2017) Inflammatory myopathies. Z Rheumatol 76(1):33–45

    Google Scholar 

  • Mayer-Pickel K, Stern C, Eberhard K, Lang U, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Cervar-Zivkovic M (2018) Angiogenic factors in pregnancies of women with antiphospholipid syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus. J Reprod Immunol 127:19–23

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mayer-Pickel K, Stern C, Cervar-Zivkovic M, Schöll W, Moertl M (2020) Preeclampsia before fetal viability in women with primary antiphospholipid syndrome- materno-fetal outcomes in a series of 7 cases. J Reprod Immunol 138:103101

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McInnes IB, Schett G (2017) Pathogenetic insights from the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 389(10086):2328–2337

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meissner Y, Rudi T, Fischer-Betz R, Strangfeld A (2021) Pregnancy in women with psoriatic arthritis: a systematic literature review of disease activity and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Semin Arthritis Rheum 51(3):530–538

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mekinian A, Costedoat-Chalumeau N, Masseau A, Tincani A, De Caroli S, Alijotas-Reig J et al (2015a) Obstetrical APS: is there a place for hydroxychloroquine to improve the pregnancy outcome? Autoimmun Rev 14(1):23–29

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mekinian A, Lazzaroni MG, Kuzenko A, Alijotas-Reig J, Ruffatti A, Levy P et al (2015b) The efficacy of hydroxychloroquine for obstetrical outcome in anti-phospholipid syndrome: data from a European multicenter retrospective study. Autoimmun Rev 14(6):498–502

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mekinian A, Bourrienne MC, Carbillon L, Benbara A, Noemie A, Chollet-Martin S et al (2016) Non-conventional antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with clinical obstetrical APS: prevalence and treatment efficacy in pregnancies. Semin Arthritis Rheum 46(2):232–237

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Menthon M de, Lavalley MP, Maldini C, Guillevin L, Mahr A. HLA-B51/B5 and the risk of Behcet’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control genetic association studies. Arthritis Rheum 2009;61(10):1287–1296.

    Google Scholar 

  • Merlino L, Del Prete F, Lobozzo B, Priori R, Piccioni MG (2020) Behcet’s disease and pregnancy: a systematic review. Minerva Ginecol 72(5):332–338

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Micu MC, Micu R, Ostensen M (2011) Luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome increased by inactive disease and selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors in women with inflammatory arthropathies. Arthritis Care Res 63(9):1334–1338

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miyakis S, Lockshin MD, Atsumi T, Branch DW, Brey RL, Cervera R et al (2006) International consensus statement on an update of the classification criteria for definite antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). J Thromb Haemost 4(2):295–306

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mont’Alverne AR, Pereira RM, Yamakami LY, Viana VS, Baracat EC, Bonfa E et al (2014) Reduced ovarian reserve in patients with Takayasu arteritis. J Rheumatol 41(10):2055–2059

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mulla MJ, Brosens JJ, Chamley LW, Giles I, Pericleous C, Rahman A et al (2009) Antiphospholipid antibodies induce a pro-inflammatory response in first trimester trophoblast via the TLR4/MyD88 pathway. Am J Reprod Immunol 62(2):96–111

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Munira S, Christopher-Stine L (2020) Pregnancy in myositis and scleroderma. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 64:59–67

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nakamura Y, Yoshida K, Itoh S, Kanai Y, Tsuda H, Hashimoto H et al (1999) Immunoadsorption plasmapheresis as a treatment for pregnancy complicated by systemic lupus erythematosus with positive antiphospholipid antibodies. Am J Reprod Immunol 41(5):307–311

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Navarro-Compan V, Sepriano A, El-Zorkany B, van der Heijde D (2021) Axial spondyloarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 80(12):1511–1521

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nishimura K, Sugiyama D, Kogata Y, Tsuji G, Nakazawa T, Kawano S et al (2007) Meta-analysis: diagnostic accuracy of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody and rheumatoid factor for rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Intern Med 146(11):797–808

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Noel N, Wechsler B, Nizard J, Costedoat-Chalumeau N, Boutin du LT, Dommergues M et al (2013) Behcet’s disease and pregnancy. Arthritis Rheum 65(9):2450–2456

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ostensen M, Forger F (2009) Management of RA medications in pregnant patients. Nat Rev Rheumatol 5(7):382–390

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Padberg S, Tissen-Diabate T, Dathe K, Hultzsch S, Meixner K, Linsenmeier V et al (2018) Safety of diclofenac use during early pregnancy: a prospective observational cohort study. Reprod Toxicol 77:122–129

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Padiyar S, Manikuppam P, Kabeerdoss J, Rathore S, Danda D (2021) Update on pregnancy in Takayasu arteritis-a narrative review. Int J Rheum Dis 24(6):758–765

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Page JM, Christiansen-Lindquist L, Thorsten V, Parker CB, Reddy UM, Dudley DJ et al (2017) Diagnostic tests for evaluation of stillbirth: results from the stillbirth collaborative research network. Obstet Gynecol 129(4):699–706

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pagnoux C, Mahendira D, Laskin CA (2013) Fertility and pregnancy in vasculitis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 27(1):79–94

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Palmsten K, Bandoli G, Vazquez-Benitez G, Xi M, Johnson DL, Xu R et al (2020) Oral corticosteroid use during pregnancy and risk of preterm birth. Rheumatology 59(6):1262–1271

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palmsten K, Bandoli G, Watkins J, Vazquez-Benitez G, Gilmer TP, Chambers CD (2021) Oral corticosteroids and risk of preterm birth in the California Medicaid program. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 9(1):375–84 e5

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pauzner R, Dulitzki M, Langevitz P, Livneh A, Kenett R, Many A (2001) Low molecular weight heparin and warfarin in the treatment of patients with antiphospholipid syndrome during pregnancy. Thromb Haemost 86(6):1379–1384

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peart E, Clowse ME (2014) Systemic lupus erythematosus and pregnancy outcomes: an update and review of the literature. Curr Opin Rheumatol 26(2):118–123

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pels A, Derks J, Elvan-Taspinar A, van Drongelen J, de Boer M, Duvekot H et al (2020) Maternal sildenafil vs placebo in pregnant women with severe early-onset fetal growth restriction: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open 3(6):e205323

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Proietta M, Ferrero S, Del Porto F (2014) Prevalence of antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with sterility undergoing ‚in vitro‘ fertilization. Lupus 23(7):724–725

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rai R, Cohen H, Dave M, Regan L (1997) Randomised controlled trial of aspirin and aspirin plus heparin in pregnant women with recurrent miscarriage associated with phospholipid antibodies (or antiphospholipid antibodies). BMJ 314(7076):253–257

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rand JH, Wu XX, Quinn AS, Ashton AW, Chen PP, Hathcock JJ et al (2010) Hydroxychloroquine protects the annexin A5 anticoagulant shield from disruption by antiphospholipid antibodies: evidence for a novel effect for an old antimalarial drug. Blood 115(11):2292–2299

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roberge S, Villa P, Nicolaides K, Giguere Y, Vainio M, Bakthi A et al (2012) Early administration of low-dose aspirin for the prevention of preterm and term preeclampsia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Fetal Diagn Ther 31(3):141–146

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roberge S, Bujold E, Nicolaides KH (2018) Aspirin for the prevention of preterm and term preeclampsia: systematic review and metaanalysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 218(3):287–93 e1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rolnik DL, Wright D, Poon LC, O’Gorman N, Syngelaki A, de Paco Matallana C et al (2017) Aspirin versus placebo in pregnancies at high risk for preterm preeclampsia. N Engl J Med 377(7):613–622

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruffatti A, Tonello M, Del Ross T, Cavazzana A, Grava C, Noventa F et al (2006) Antibody profile and clinical course in primary antiphospholipid syndrome with pregnancy morbidity. Thromb Haemost 96(3):337–341

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruffatti A, Tonello M, Cavazzana A, Bagatella P, Pengo V (2009) Laboratory classification categories and pregnancy outcome in patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome prescribed antithrombotic therapy. Thromb Res 123(3):482–487

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruffatti A, Tonello M, Visentin MS, Bontadi A, Hoxha A, De Carolis S et al (2011) Risk factors for pregnancy failure in patients with anti-phospholipid syndrome treated with conventional therapies: a multicentre, case-control study. Rheumatology (Oxford) 50(9):1684–1689

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruffatti A, Favaro M, Hoxha A, Zambon A, Marson P, Del Ross T et al (2016) Apheresis and intravenous immunoglobulins used in addition to conventional therapy to treat high-risk pregnant antiphospholipid antibody syndrome patients. A prospective study. J Reprod Immunol 115:14–19

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruffatti A, Tonello M, Hoxha A, Sciascia S, Cuadrado MJ, Latino JO et al (2018) Effect of additional treatments combined with conventional therapies in pregnant patients with high-risk antiphospholipid syndrome: a multicentre study. Thromb Haemost 118(4):639–646

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruffatti A, Tonello M, Favaro M, Del Ross T, Calligaro A, Ruffatti AT et al (2021) The efficacy and safety of second-line treatments of refractory and/or high risk pregnant antiphospholipid syndrome patients. A systematic literature review analyzing 313 pregnancies. Semin Arthritis Rheum 51(1):28–35

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruiz-Irastorza G, Crowther M, Branch W, Khamashta MA (2010) Antiphospholipid syndrome. Lancet 376(9751):1498–1509

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saccone G, Berghella V, Maruotti GM, Ghi T, Rizzo G, Simonazzi G et al (2017) Antiphospholipid antibody profile based obstetric outcomes of primary antiphospholipid syndrome: the PREGNANTS study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 216(5):525.e1–e12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sammaritano LR, Bermas BL, Chakravarty EE, Chambers C, Clowse MEB, Lockshin MD et al (2020a) 2020 American College of Rheumatology guideline for the management of reproductive health in rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases. Arthritis Rheumatol 72(4):529–556

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sammaritano LR, Bermas BL, Chakravarty EE, Chambers C, Clowse MEB, Lockshin MD et al (2020b) 2020 American College of Rheumatology guideline for the management of reproductive health in rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases. Arthritis Care Res 72(4):461–488

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sauer R, Roussev R, Jeyendran RS, Coulam CB (2010) Prevalence of antiphospholipid antibodies among women experiencing unexplained infertility and recurrent implantation failure. Fertil Steril 93(7):2441–2443

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sawhney N, Patel MK, Schachter M, Hughes AD (1997) Inhibition of proliferation by heparin and expression of p53 in cultured human vascular smooth muscle cells. J Hum Hypertens 11(9):611–614

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmalzing M, Nau LF, Gernert M, Froehlich M, Schwaneck EC, Pecher AC et al (2020) Sexual function in German women with systemic sclerosis compared to women with systemic lupus erythematosus and evaluation of a screening test. Clin Exp Rheumatol 38 Suppl 125(3):59–64

    Google Scholar 

  • Schreiber K, Hunt BJ (2019) Managing antiphospholipid syndrome in pregnancy. Thromb Res 181(Suppl 1):S41–SS6

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schreiber K, Sciascia S, de Groot PG, Devreese K, Jacobsen S, Ruiz-Irastorza G et al (2018a) Antiphospholipid syndrome. Nat Rev Dis Primers 4:18005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schreiber K, Sciascia S, de Groot PG, Devreese K, Jacobsen S, Ruiz-Irastorza G et al (2018b) Antiphospholipid syndrome. Nat Rev Dis Primers 4:17103

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sciascia S, Branch DW, Levy RA, Middeldorp S, Pavord S, Roccatello D et al (2016a) The efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in altering pregnancy outcome in women with antiphospholipid antibodies. Evidence and clinical judgment. Thromb Haemost 115(2):285–290

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sciascia S, Hunt BJ, Talavera-Garcia E, Lliso G, Khamashta MA, Cuadrado MJ (2016b) The impact of hydroxychloroquine treatment on pregnancy outcome in women with antiphospholipid antibodies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 214(2):273.e1–e8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shi H, Zheng H, Yin YF, Hu QY, Teng JL, Sun Y et al (2018) Antiphosphatidylserine/prothrombin antibodies (aPS/PT) as potential diagnostic markers and risk predictors of venous thrombosis and obstetric complications in antiphospholipid syndrome. Clin Chem Lab Med 56(4):614–624

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Silman AJ, Black C (1988) Increased incidence of spontaneous abortion and infertility in women with scleroderma before disease onset: a controlled study. Ann Rheum Dis 47(6):441–444

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Silver RM, Parker CB, Reddy UM, Goldenberg R, Coustan D, Dudley DJ et al (2013) Antiphospholipid antibodies in stillbirth. Obstet Gynecol 122(3):641–657

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sivarajah J, Huggon IC, Rosenthal E (2003) Successful management of fetal hydrops due to congenitally complete atrioventricular block. Cardiol Young 13(4):380–383

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smeele HT, Roder E, Wintjes HM, Kranenburg-van Koppen LJ, Hazes JM, Dolhain RJ (2021) Modern treatment approach results in low disease activity in 90 % of pregnant rheumatoid arthritis patients: the PreCARA study. Ann Rheum Dis 80(7):859–864

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smeele HTW, Dolhain R (2019) Current perspectives on fertility, pregnancy and childbirth in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 49(3S):S32–SS5

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith CJF, Bandoli G, Kavanaugh A, Chambers CD (2019) Birth outcomes and disease activity during pregnancy in a prospective cohort of women with psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Care Res 72(7):1029–1037

    Google Scholar 

  • Smyth A, Oliveira GH, Lahr BD, Bailey KR, Norby SM, Garovic VD (2010) A systematic review and meta-analysis of pregnancy outcomes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol: CJASN 5(11):2060–2068

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sonesson SE, Ambrosi A, Wahren-Herlenius M (2019) Benefits of fetal echocardiographic surveillance in pregnancies at risk of congenital heart block: single-center study of 212 anti-Ro52-positive pregnancies. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 54(1):87–95

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steen VD (1999) Pregnancy in women with systemic sclerosis. Obstet Gynecol 94(1):15–20

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steen VD (2007) Pregnancy in scleroderma. Rheum Dis Clin N Am 33(2):345–358, vii

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steen VD, Medsger TA Jr (1999) Fertility and pregnancy outcome in women with systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum 42(4):763–768

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stone S, Pijnenborg R, Vercruysse L, Poston R, Khamashta MA, Hunt BJ et al (2006) The placental bed in pregnancies complicated by primary antiphospholipid syndrome. Placenta 27(4-5):457–467

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strasburger JF, Wacker-Gussmann A (2020) Congenital heart block in subsequent pregnancies of SSA/Ro-positive mothers: cutting recurrence in half. J Am Coll Cardiol 76(3):303–305

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taraborelli M, Ramoni V, Brucato A, Airo P, Bajocchi G, Bellisai F et al (2012) Brief report: successful pregnancies but a higher risk of preterm births in patients with systemic sclerosis: an Italian multicenter study. Arthritis Rheum 64(6):1970–1977

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taurog JD, Chhabra A, Colbert RA (2016) Ankylosing spondylitis and axial spondyloarthritis. N Engl J Med 375(13):1303

    Google Scholar 

  • Tektonidou MG, Andreoli L, Limper M, Amoura Z, Cervera R, Costedoat-Chalumeau N et al (2019) EULAR recommendations for the management of antiphospholipid syndrome in adults. Ann Rheum Dis 78(10):1296–1304

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tong S, Mol BW, Walker SP (2017) Preventing preeclampsia with aspirin: does dose or timing matter? Am J Obstet Gynecol 216(2):95–97

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tranquilli AL, Dekker G, Magee L, Roberts J, Sibai BM, Steyn W et al (2014) The classification, diagnosis and management of the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a revised statement from the ISSHP. Pregnancy Hypertens 4(2):97–104

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Truglia S, Capozzi A, Mancuso S, Recalchi S, Spinelli FR, Perricone C et al (2018) A monocentric cohort of obstetric seronegative anti-phospholipid syndrome. Front Immunol 9:1678

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ulrich V, Gelber SE, Vukelic M, Sacharidou A, Herz J, Urbanus RT et al (2016) ApoE receptor 2 mediation of trophoblast dysfunction and pregnancy complications induced by antiphospholipid antibodies in mice. Arthritis Rheumatol 68(3):730–739

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vencovsky J, Alexanderson H, Lundberg IE (2019) Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Rheum Dis Clin N Am 45(4):569–581

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Villa PM, Kajantie E, Raikkonen K, Pesonen AK, Hamalainen E, Vainio M et al (2013) Aspirin in the prevention of pre-eclampsia in high-risk women: a randomised placebo-controlled PREDO Trial and a meta-analysis of randomised trials. BJOG 120(1):64–74

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vinet E, Labrecque J, Pineau CA, Clarke AE, St-Pierre Y, Platt R et al (2012) A population-based assessment of live births in women with systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 71(4):557–559

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vries JI de, van Pampus MG, Hague WM, Bezemer PD, Joosten JH, Investigators F. Low-molecular-weight heparin added to aspirin in the prevention of recurrent early-onset pre-eclampsia in women with inheritable thrombophilia: the FRUIT-RCT. J Thromb Haemost 2012;10(1):64–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagner SJ, Craici I, Reed D, Norby S, Bailey K, Wiste HJ et al (2009) Maternal and foetal outcomes in pregnant patients with active lupus nephritis. Lupus 18(4):342–347

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wallenius M, Skomsvoll JF, Irgens LM, Salvesen KA, Nordvag BY, Koldingsnes W et al (2011) Fertility in women with chronic inflammatory arthritides. Rheumatology 50(6):1162–1167

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wallenius M, Salvesen KA, Daltveit AK, Skomsvoll JF (2013) Rheumatoid arthritis and outcomes in first and subsequent births based on data from a national birth registry. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 93(3):302–307

    Google Scholar 

  • Weber-Schoendorfer C, Chambers C, Wacker E, Beghin D, Bernard N, Network of French Pharmacovigilance C et al (2014) Pregnancy outcome after methotrexate treatment for rheumatic disease prior to or during early pregnancy: a prospective multicenter cohort study. Arthritis Rheumatol 66(5):1101–1110

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yelnik CM, Laskin CA, Porter TF, Branch DW, Buyon JP, Guerra MM et al (2016) Lupus anticoagulant is the main predictor of adverse pregnancy outcomes in aPL-positive patients: validation of PROMISSE study results. Lupus Sci Med 3(1):e000131

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zbinden A, van den Brandt S, Ostensen M, Villiger PM, Forger F (2018) Risk for adverse pregnancy outcome in axial spondyloarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: disease activity matters. Rheumatology 57(7):1235–1242

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zohoury N, Bertolaccini ML, Rodriguez-Garcia JL, Shums Z, Ateka-Barrutia O, Sorice M et al (2017) Closing the serological gap in the antiphospholipid syndrome: the value of „non-criteria“ antiphospholipid antibodies. J Rheumatol 44(11):1597–1602

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Frauke Förger .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland, ein Teil von Springer Nature

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Förger, F., Mayer-Pickel, K. (2022). Rheumatologische Krankheiten und Schwangerschaft: Systemischer Lupus erythematodes, Antiphospholipidsyndrom, rheumatoide Arthritis, Spondyloarthritis, systemische Sklerose, entzündliche Myopathien und Vaskulitis. In: von Kaisenberg, C., Klaritsch, P., Hösli-Krais, I. (eds) Die Geburtshilfe. Springer Reference Medizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44369-9_72-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44369-9_72-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-44369-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-44369-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Referenz Medizin

Publish with us

Policies and ethics