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Prognostic Value of Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Cancers

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Cancer Immunology

Abstract

Cancer remains one of the most complex diseases affecting humans. Despite the impressive advances made in molecular and cell biology, the mechanism by which cancer cells progress through carcinogenesis and acquire their metastatic ability is still widely debated. Tumors are heterogeneous cellular entities whose growth depends on dynamical interactions among cancer cells, as well as between cells and the constantly changing microenvironment. Several types of immune cells, including cells of both the innate and adaptive immune system, comprise the human cancer microenvironment distributed both in tumor islets and in the stroma. While chronic inflammation is considered as one of the hallmarks of cancer, increasing the risk of tumor development and progression, the clinical relevance of innate and adaptive cellular components of the immune system is less clear. A relevant issue is to unravel the discrepancy between the promoting effects on cancer proliferation, invasion, and dissemination induced by some types of inflammatory cells and the inhibitory effects on cancer growth exerted by the local immune response. Here, we discuss the role played by innate and adaptive immune systems in the local progression and metastasis of human cancers of various histologic origins, as well as the prognostic information currently understood and exploited.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Italian Association for Cancer Research (AIRC) Italy (grant number MFAG-11677 to FM) and the Italian Ministry of University and Research, FIRB grant (RBAP11H2R9).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, Milan, 20089, Italy

    Fabio Grizzi PhD, Giuseppe Di Caro PhD & Luigi Laghi MD

  2. Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, Milan, 20089, Italy

    Federica Marchesi PhD

  3. Department of Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, University of Milan, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, Milan, 20089, Italy

    Federica Marchesi PhD

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  1. Fabio Grizzi PhD
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  2. Giuseppe Di Caro PhD
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  4. Luigi Laghi MD
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Correspondence to Fabio Grizzi PhD .

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  1. Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Tehran, Iran

    Nima Rezaei

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Grizzi, F., Di Caro, G., Marchesi, F., Laghi, L. (2015). Prognostic Value of Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Cancers. In: Rezaei, N. (eds) Cancer Immunology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44006-3_15

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44006-3_15

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