Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Clinical Perinatal Urology

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
Pediatric Nephrology

Abstract

In a large prospective Swedish study, the incidence of prenatally detected renal anomalies was 0.28 % in which two-thirds (0.18 %) were hydronephrosis. A British study, in which 99 % of the pregnant population in Stoke-on-Trent were scanned at 28 weeks’ gestation, demonstrated hydronephrosis prenatally in 1.40 % of cases, which was confirmed postnatally in 0.65 % [2]. Others have reported a 1–3% incidence of ANH [1–5]. These authors defined prenatal hydronephrosis as an anteroposterior (A-P) diameter of the renal pelvis greater than 5 mm but noted the lack of consensus on the definition of antenatal hydronephrosis [6–8]. With the rapid improvement of ultrasound technology, the incidence of detection of renal anomalies may be changing

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 949.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 1,299.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Gunn TR, Mora JD, Pease P. Antenatal diagnosis of urinary tract abnormalities by ultrasonography after 28 weeks’ gestation: incidence and outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1995;172(2 Pt 1):479–86.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Livera LN, Brookfield DS, Egginton JA, Hawnaur JM. Antenatal ultrasonography to detect fetal renal abnormalities: a prospective screening programme. BMJ. 1989;298(6685):1421–3.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Sairam S, Al-Habib A, Sasson S, Thilaganathan B. Natural history of fetal hydronephrosis diagnosed on mid-trimester ultrasound. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2001;17(3):191–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Shamshirsaz AA, Ravangard SF, Egan JF, Prabulos AM, Shamshirsaz AA, Ferrer FA, et al. Fetal hydronephrosis as a predictor of neonatal urologic outcomes. J Ultrasound Med Off J Am Inst Ultrasound Med. 2012;31(6):947–54.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Helin I, Persson PH. Prenatal diagnosis of urinary tract abnormalities by ultrasound. Pediatrics. 1986;78(5):879–83.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Scott JE, Renwick M. Urological anomalies in the Northern Region Fetal Abnormality Survey. Arch Dis Child. 1993;68(1 Spec No):22–6.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Scott JE, Renwick M. Screening for fetal urological abnormalities: how effective? BJU Int. 1999;84(6):693–700.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Scott JE, Wright B, Wilson G, Pearson IA, Matthews JN, Rose PG. Measuring the fetal kidney with ultrasonography. Br J Urol. 1995;76(6):769–74.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Mallik M, Watson AR. Antenatally detected urinary tract abnormalities: more detection but less action. Pediatr Nephrol. 2008;23(6):897–904.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Benacerraf BR, Mandell J, Estroff JA, Harlow BL, Frigoletto Jr FD. Fetal pyelectasis: a possible association with Down syndrome. Obstet Gynecol. 1990;76(1):58–60.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Corteville JE, Dicke JM, Crane JP. Fetal pyelectasis and Down syndrome: is genetic amniocentesis warranted? Obstet Gynecol. 1992;79(5 (Pt 1)):770–2.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Adra AM, Mejides AA, Dennaoui MS, Beydoun SN. Fetal pyelectasis: is it always “physiologic”? Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1995;173(4):1263–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Thompson MO, Thilaganathan B. Effect of routine screening for Down’s syndrome on the significance of isolated fetal hydronephrosis. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1998;105(8):860–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Chudleigh PM, Chitty LS, Pembrey M, Campbell S. The association of aneuploidy and mild fetal pyelectasis in an unselected population: the results of a multicenter study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2001;17(3):197–202.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Fernbach SK, Maizels M, Conway JJ. Ultrasound grading of hydronephrosis: introduction to the system used by the Society for Fetal Urology. Pediatr Radiol. 1993;23(6):478–80.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Lee RS, Cendron M, Kinnamon DD, Nguyen HT. Antenatal hydronephrosis as a predictor of postnatal outcome: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 2006;118(2):586–93.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Chitty LS, Altman DG. Charts of fetal size: kidney and renal pelvis measurements. Prenat Diagn. 2003;23(11):891–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Yerkes EB, Cain MP, Padilla LM. In utero perinephric urinoma and urinary ascites with posterior urethral valves: a paradoxical pop-off valve? J Urol. 2001;166(6):2387–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Adorisio O, Silveri M, Colajacomo M, Bassani F, Rivosecchi M. The impact of perinatal urinoma formation on renal function: our experience and review of the literature. J Paediatr Child Health. 2011;47(4):217–22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Takeuchi H, Koyanagi T, Yoshizato T, Takashima T, Satoh S, Nakano H. Fetal urine production at different gestational ages: correlation to various compromised fetuses in utero. Early Hum Dev. 1994;40(1):1–11.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Stiller RJ, Pinto M, Heller C, Hobbins JC. Oligohydramnios associated with bilateral multicystic dysplastic kidneys: prenatal diagnosis at 15 weeks’ gestation. J Clin Ultrasound. 1988;16(6):436–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Benacerraf BR, Saltzman DH, Mandell J. Sonographic diagnosis of abnormal fetal genitalia. J Ultrasound Med. 1989;8(11):613–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Bromley B, Mandell J, Gross G, Walzer TB, Benacerraf BR. Masculinization of female fetuses with congenital adrenal hyperplasia may already be present at 18 weeks. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1994;171(1):264–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Mandell J, Bromley B, Peters CA, Benacerraf BR. Prenatal sonographic detection of genital malformations. J Urol. 1995;153(6):1994–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Dillon E, Rose PG, Scott JE. Case report: the antenatal ultrasound diagnosis of megalourethra. Clin Radiol. 1994;49(5):354–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Cilento Jr BG, Benacerraf BR, Mandell J. Prenatal diagnosis of cloacal malformation. Urology. 1994;43(3):386–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Taipale P, Heinonen K, Kainulainen S, Seuri R, Heinonen S. Cloacal anomaly simulating megalocystis in the first trimester. J Clin Ultrasound. 2004;32(8):419–22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Ohno Y, Koyama N, Tsuda M, Arii Y. Antenatal ultrasonographic appearance of a cloacal anomaly. Obstet Gynecol. 2000;95(6 Pt 2):1013–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Pates JA, Dashe JS. Prenatal diagnosis and management of hydronephrosis. Early Hum Dev. 2006;82(1):3–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Coplen DE, Austin PF, Yan Y, Blanco VM, Dicke JM. The magnitude of fetal renal pelvic dilatation can identify obstructive postnatal hydronephrosis, and direct postnatal evaluation and management. J Urol. 2006;176(2):724–7; discussion 7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Ismaili K, Hall M, Donner C, Thomas D, Vermeylen D, Avni FE. Results of systematic screening for minor degrees of fetal renal pelvis dilatation in an unselected population. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003;188(1):242–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Wollenberg A, Neuhaus TJ, Willi UV, Wisser J. Outcome of fetal renal pelvic dilatation diagnosed during the third trimester. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2005;25(5):483–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Coelho GM, Bouzada MC, Lemos GS, Pereira AK, Lima BP, Oliveira EA. Risk factors for urinary tract infection in children with prenatal renal pelvic dilatation. J Urol. 2008;179(1):284–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Coelho GM, Bouzada MC, Pereira AK, Figueiredo BF, Leite MR, Oliveira DS, et al. Outcome of isolated antenatal hydronephrosis: a prospective cohort study. Pediatr Nephrol. 2007;22(10):1727–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Ahmad G, Green P. Outcome of fetal pyelectasis diagnosed antenatally. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2005;25(2):119–22.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Feldman DM, DeCambre M, Kong E, Borgida A, Jamil M, McKenna P, et al. Evaluation and follow-up of fetal hydronephrosis. J Ultrasound Med. 2001;20(10):1065–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Hobbins JC, Romero R, Grannum P, Berkowitz RL, Cullen M, Mahoney M. Antenatal diagnosis of renal anomalies with ultrasound. I. Obstructive uropathy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1984;148(7):868–77.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Abbott JF, Levine D, Wapner R. Posterior urethral valves: inaccuracy of prenatal diagnosis. Fetal Diagn Ther. 1998;13(3):179–83.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Kaefer M, Peters CA, Retik AB, Benacerraf BB. Increased renal echogenicity: a sonographic sign for differentiating between obstructive and nonobstructive etiologies of in utero bladder distension. J Urol. 1997;158(3 Pt 2):1026–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Grignon A, Filiatrault D, Homsy Y, Robitaille P, Filion R, Boutin H, et al. Ureteropelvic junction stenosis: antenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis, postnatal investigation, and follow-up. Radiology. 1986;160(3):649–51.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Grignon A, Filion R, Filiatrault D, Robitaille P, Homsy Y, Boutin H, et al. Urinary tract dilatation in utero: classification and clinical applications. Radiology. 1986;160(3):645–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Mandell J, Blyth BR, Peters CA, Retik AB, Estroff JA, Benacerraf BR. Structural genitourinary defects detected in utero. Radiology. 1991;178(1):193–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Kleiner B, Callen PW, Filly RA. Sonographic analysis of the fetus with ureteropelvic junction obstruction. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1987;148(2):359–63.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Chertin B, Pollack A, Koulikov D, Rabinowitz R, Hain D, Hadas-Halpren I, et al. Conservative treatment of ureteropelvic junction obstruction in children with antenatal diagnosis of hydronephrosis: lessons learned after 16 years of follow-up. Eur Urol. 2006;49(4):734–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Mandell J, Paltiel HJ, Peters CA, Benacerraf BR. Prenatal findings associated with a unilateral nonfunctioning or absent kidney. J Urol. 1994;152(1):176–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Edwards OP, Baldinger S. Prenatal onset of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Urology. 1989;34(5):265–70.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Zerres K, Hansmann M, Mallmann R, Gembruch U. Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease. Problems of prenatal diagnosis. Prenat Diagn. 1988;8(3):215–29.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Tsatsaris V, Gagnadoux MF, Aubry MC, Gubler MC, Dumez Y, Dommergues M. Prenatal diagnosis of bilateral isolated fetal hyperechogenic kidneys. Is it possible to predict long term outcome? BJOG. 2002;109(12):1388–93.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Mashiach R, Davidovits M, Eisenstein B, Kidron D, Kovo M, Shalev J, et al. Fetal hyperechogenic kidney with normal amniotic fluid volume: a diagnostic dilemma. Prenat Diagn. 2005;25(7):553–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Carr MC, Benacerraf BR, Estroff JA, Mandell J. Prenatally diagnosed bilateral hyperechoic kidneys with normal amniotic fluid: postnatal outcome. J Urol. 1995;153(2):442–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Chaumoitre K, Brun M, Cassart M, Maugey-Laulom B, Eurin D, Didier F, et al. Differential diagnosis of fetal hyperechogenic cystic kidneys unrelated to renal tract anomalies: A multicenter study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol Off J Int Soc Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2006;28(7):911–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Vergani P, Ceruti P, Locatelli A, Mariani E, Paterlini G, Zorloni C, et al. Accuracy of prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis of duplex renal system. J Ultrasound Med. 1999;18(7):463–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Share JC, Lebowitz RL. Ectopic ureterocele without ureteral and calyceal dilatation (ureterocele disproportion): findings on urography and sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1989;152(3):567–71.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Zerin JM, Ritchey ML, Chang AC. Incidental vesicoureteral reflux in neonates with antenatally detected hydronephrosis and other renal abnormalities. Radiology. 1993;187(1):157–60.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Tibballs JM, De Bruyn R. Primary vesicoureteric reflux–how useful is postnatal ultrasound? Arch Dis Child. 1996;75(5):444–7.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. van Eerde AM, Meutgeert MH, de Jong TP, Giltay JC. Vesico-ureteral reflux in children with prenatally detected hydronephrosis: a systematic review. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2007;29(4):463–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Estrada Jr CR, Passerotti CC, Graham DA, Peters CA, Bauer SB, Diamond DA, et al. Nomograms for predicting annual resolution rate of primary vesicoureteral reflux: results from 2,462 children. J Urol. 2009;182(4):1535–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Peters CA. Lower urinary tract obstruction: clinical and experimental aspects. Br J Urol. 1998;81 Suppl 2:22–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Kaefer M, Barnewolt C, Retik AB, Peters CA. The sonographic diagnosis of infravesical obstruction in children: evaluation of bladder wall thickness indexed to bladder filling. J Urol. 1997;157(3):989–91.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Oliveira EA, Diniz JS, Cabral AC, Pereira AK, Leite HV, Colosimo EA, et al. Predictive factors of fetal urethral obstruction: a multivariate analysis. Fetal Diagn Ther. 2000;15(3):180–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Osborne NG, Bonilla-Musoles F, Machado LE, Raga F, Bonilla Jr F, Ruiz F, et al. Fetal megacystis: differential diagnosis. J Ultrasound Med Off J Am Inst Ultrasound Med. 2011;30(6):833–41.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Mahony BS, Callen PW, Filly RA. Fetal urethral obstruction: US evaluation. Radiology. 1985;157(1):221–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Mandell J, Peters CA, Estroff JA, Benacerraf BR. Late onset severe oligohydramnios associated with genitourinary abnormalities. J Urol. 1992;148(2 Pt 2):515–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Glick PL, Harrison MR, Golbus MS, Adzick NS, Filly RA, Callen PW, et al. Management of the fetus with congenital hydronephrosis II: prognostic criteria and selection for treatment. J Pediatr Surg. 1985;20(4):376–87.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Johnson MP, Corsi P, Bradfield W, Hume RF, Smith C, Flake AW, et al. Sequential urinalysis improves evaluation of fetal renal function in obstructive uropathy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1995;173(1):59–65.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Guez S, Assael BM, Melzi ML, Tassis B, Nicolini U. Shortcomings in predicting postnatal renal function using prenatal urine biochemistry in fetuses with congenital hydronephrosis. J Pediatr Surg. 1996;31(10):1401–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Tassis BM, Trespidi L, Tirelli AS, Bocconi L, Zoppini C, Nicolini U. In fetuses with isolated hydronephrosis, urinary beta 2-microglobulin and N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase (NAG) have a limited role in the prediction of postnatal renal function. Prenat Diagn. 1996;16(12):1087–93.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Morris RK, Quinlan-Jones E, Kilby MD, Khan KS. Systematic review of accuracy of fetal urine analysis to predict poor postnatal renal function in cases of congenital urinary tract obstruction. Prenat Diagn. 2007;27(10):900–11.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Morris RK, Malin GL, Khan KS, Kilby MD. Antenatal ultrasound to predict postnatal renal function in congenital lower urinary tract obstruction: systematic review of test accuracy. BJOG. 2009;116(10):1290–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Harrison MR, Nakayama DK, Noall R, de Lorimier AA. Correction of congenital hydronephrosis in utero II. Decompression reverses the effects of obstruction on the fetal lung and urinary tract. J Pediatr Surg. 1982;17(6):965–74.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Manning FA, Harrison MR, Rodeck C. Catheter shunts for fetal hydronephrosis and hydrocephalus. Report of the International Fetal Surgery Registry. N Engl J Med. 1986;315(5):336–40.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Robichaux 3rd AG, Mandell J, Greene MF, Benacerraf BR, Evans MI. Fetal abdominal wall defect: a new complication of vesicoamniotic shunting. Fetal Diagn Ther. 1991;6(1–2):11–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Quintero RA, Shukla AR, Homsy YL, Bukkapatnam R. Successful in utero endoscopic ablation of posterior urethral valves: a new dimension in fetal urology. Urology. 2000;55(5):774.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Sago H, Hayashi S, Chiba T, Ueoka K, Matsuoka K, Nakagawa A, et al. Endoscopic fetal urethrotomy for anterior urethral valves: a preliminary report. Fetal Diagn Ther. 2008;24(2):92–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Ruano R, Duarte S, Bunduki V, Giron AM, Srougi M, Zugaib M. Fetal cystoscopy for severe lower urinary tract obstruction–initial experience of a single center. Prenat Diagn. 2010;30(1):30–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Ruano R, Yoshizaki CT, Giron AM, Srougi M, Zugaib M. Cystoscopic placement of transurethral stent in a fetus with urethral stenosis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2014;44(2):238–40.

    Google Scholar 

  77. Clifton MS, Harrison MR, Ball R, Lee H. Fetoscopic transuterine release of posterior urethral valves: a new technique. Fetal Diagn Ther. 2008;23(2):89–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Morris RK, Ruano R, Kilby MD. Effectiveness of fetal cystoscopy as a diagnostic and therapeutic intervention for lower urinary tract obstruction: a systematic review. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2011;37(6):629–37.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Harrison MR, Golbus MS, Filly RA, Anderson RL, Flake AW, Rosen M, et al. Fetal hydronephrosis: selection and surgical repair. J Pediatr Surg. 1987;22(6):556–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Clautice-Engle T, Anderson NG, Allan RB, Abbott GD. Diagnosis of obstructive hydronephrosis in infants: comparison sonograms performed 6 days and 6 weeks after birth. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1995;164(4):963–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Muller F, Dommergues M, Mandelbrot L, Aubry MC, Nihoul-Fekete C, Dumez Y. Fetal urinary biochemistry predicts postnatal renal function in children with bilateral obstructive uropathies. Obstet Gynecol. 1993;82(5):813–20.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Dommergues M, Muller F, Ngo S, Hohlfeld P, Oury JF, Bidat L, et al. Fetal serum beta 2-microglobulin predicts postnatal renal function in bilateral uropathies. Kidney Int. 2000;58(1):312–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Biard JM, Johnson MP, Carr MC, Wilson RD, Hedrick HL, Pavlock C, et al. Long-term outcomes in children treated by prenatal vesicoamniotic shunting for lower urinary tract obstruction. Obstet Gynecol. 2005;106(3):503–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Crombleholme TM, Harrison MR, Golbus MS, Longaker MT, Langer JC, Callen PW, et al. Fetal intervention in obstructive uropathy: prognostic indicators and efficacy of intervention. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1990;162(5):1239–44.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Freedman AL, Johnson MP, Smith CA, Gonzalez R, Evans MI. Long-term outcome in children after antenatal intervention for obstructive uropathies. Lancet. 1999;354(9176):374–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Holmes N, Harrison MR, Baskin LS. Fetal surgery for posterior urethral valves: long-term postnatal outcomes. Pediatrics. 2001;108(1):E7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. McLorie G, Farhat W, Khoury A, Geary D, Ryan G. Outcome analysis of vesicoamniotic shunting in a comprehensive population. J Urol. 2001;166(3):1036–40.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Salam MA. Posterior urethral valve: outcome of antenatal intervention. Int J Urol. 2006;13(10):1317–22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Clark TJ, Martin WL, Divakaran TG, Whittle MJ, Kilby MD, Khan KS. Prenatal bladder drainage in the management of fetal lower urinary tract obstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol. 2003;102(2):367–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Johnson MP, Bukowski TP, Reitleman C, Isada NB, Pryde PG, Evans MI. In utero surgical treatment of fetal obstructive uropathy: a new comprehensive approach to identify appropriate candidates for vesicoamniotic shunt therapy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1994;170(6):1770–6; discussion 6–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Coplen DE, Hare JY, Zderic SA, Canning DA, Snyder 3rd HM, Duckett JW. 10-year experience with prenatal intervention for hydronephrosis. J Urol. 1996;156(3):1142–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Ethun CG, Zamora IJ, Roth DR, Kale A, Cisek L, Belfort MA, et al. Outcomes of fetuses with lower urinary tract obstruction treated with vesicoamniotic shunt: a single-institution experience. J Pediatr Surg. 2013;48(5):956–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Tonni G, Vito I, Ventura A, Grisolia G, De Felice C. Fetal lower urinary tract obstruction and its management. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2013;287(2):187–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Morris RK, Malin GL, Quinlan-Jones E, Middleton LJ, Hemming K, Burke D, et al. Percutaneous vesicoamniotic shunting versus conservative management for fetal lower urinary tract obstruction (PLUTO): a randomised trial. Lancet. 2013;382(9903):1496–506.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Yerkes EB, Adams MC, Pope 4th JC, Brock 3rd JW. Does every patient with prenatal hydronephrosis need voiding cystourethrography? J Urol. 1999;162(3 Pt 2):1218–20.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Nguyen HT, Herndon CD, Cooper C, Gatti J, Kirsch A, Kokorowski P, et al. The Society for Fetal Urology consensus statement on the evaluation and management of antenatal hydronephrosis. J Pediatr Urol. 2010;6(3):212–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Grazioli S, Parvex P, Merlini L, Combescure C, Girardin E. Antenatal and postnatal ultrasound in the evaluation of the risk of vesicoureteral reflux. Pediatr Nephrol. 2010;25(9):1687–92.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Song SH, Lee SB, Park YS, Kim KS. Is antibiotic prophylaxis necessary in infants with obstructive hydronephrosis? J Urol. 2007;177(3):1098–101; discussion 101.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Atiyeh B, Husmann D, Baum M. Contralateral renal abnormalities in patients with renal agenesis and noncystic renal dysplasia. Pediatrics. 1993;91(4):812–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Cascio S, Paran S, Puri P. Associated urological anomalies in children with unilateral renal agenesis. J Urol. 1999;162(3 Pt 2):1081–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Arena F, Arena S, Paolata A, Campenni A, Zuccarello B, Romeo G. Is a complete urological evaluation necessary in all newborns with asymptomatic renal ectopia? Int J Urol. 2007;14(6):491–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Gleason PE, Kelalis PP, Husmann DA, Kramer SA. Hydronephrosis in renal ectopia: incidence, etiology and significance. J Urol. 1994;151(6):1660–1.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Guarino N, Tadini B, Camardi P, Silvestro L, Lace R, Bianchi M. The incidence of associated urological abnormalities in children with renal ectopia. J Urol. 2004;172(4 Pt 2):1757–9; discussion 9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Calisti A, Perrotta ML, Oriolo L, Ingianna D, Miele V. The risk of associated urological abnormalities in children with pre and postnatal occasional diagnosis of solitary, small or ectopic kidney: is a complete urological screening always necessary? World J Urol. 2008;26:281–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Kaneko K, Suzuki Y, Fukuda Y, Yabuta K, Miyano T. Abnormal contralateral kidney in unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney disease. Pediatr Radiol. 1995;25(4):275–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Miller DC, Rumohr JA, Dunn RL, Bloom DA, Park JM. What is the fate of the refluxing contralateral kidney in children with multicystic dysplastic kidney? J Urol. 2004;172(4 Pt 2):1630–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Ismaili K, Avni FE, Alexander M, Schulman C, Collier F, Hall M. Routine voiding cystourethrography is of no value in neonates with unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney. J Pediatr. 2005;146(6):759–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the assistance of Carol E. Barnewolt, M.D., for providing many of the fetal ultrasound images.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

    David A. Diamond & Richard S. Lee

Authors
  1. David A. Diamond
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Richard S. Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Richard S. Lee .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Children’s Research Institute, Children’s Hospital, Health System of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA

    Ellis D. Avner

  2. Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    William E. Harmon

  3. Service de Néphrologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France

    Patrick Niaudet

  4. Department of Pediatrics, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama City, Japan

    Norishige Yoshikawa

  5. Division of Nephrology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital – IRCCS, Rome, Italy

    Francesco Emma

  6. Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA

    Stuart L. Goldstein

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this entry

Cite this entry

Diamond, D.A., Lee, R.S. (2016). Clinical Perinatal Urology. In: Avner, E., Harmon, W., Niaudet, P., Yoshikawa, N., Emma, F., Goldstein, S. (eds) Pediatric Nephrology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43596-0_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43596-0_3

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-43595-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-43596-0

  • eBook Packages: MedicineReference Module Medicine

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation