Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Anesthesia in Breast Surgery

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Aesthetic Surgery of the Breast

  • 3546 Accesses

Abstract

The cosmetic surgery patient is not like a typical “elective” surgical patient. These patients desire to look better and expect to feel better and will tend to be highly critical of every aspect of care preoperatively, intraoperatively, and postoperatively, in addition to the achievement of the desired aesthetic result. The author discusses the surgical facility; preoperative evaluation, assessment, and preparation; anesthesia for aesthetic breast surgery; anesthesia techniques; considerations for pain management; recovery and discharge.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 139.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. American Society of Plastic Surgeons. 2000/2010/2011 National cosmetic procedures. [Cited 12 Oct 2012]. Available from: http://www.plasticsurgery.org/News-and-Resources/2011-Statistics-.html.

  2. Hausman LM, Frost EA. Office-based surgery: expanding the role of the anesthesiologist. Middle East J Anesthesiol. 2007;19(2):291–310.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Vila Jr H, Desai MS, Miguel RV. Office-based anesthesia. In: Twersky RS, Philip BK, editors. Handbook of ambulatory anesthesia. 2nd ed. New York: Springer; 2008. p. 283–324.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  4. Morell RC. OBA questions, problems, just now recognized, being defined. Anesth Patient Saf Found Newsl. 2000;15(1):1–3.

    Google Scholar 

  5. American Society of Anesthesiologists. Guidelines for office-based anesthesia. Approved by the ASA House of Delegates on October 12, 1999, and last affirmed on October 21 2009. [Cited 12 Oct 2012] Available from: http://www.asahq.org/publicationsAndServices/sgstoc.htm.

  6. American Society of Anesthesiologist. Statement of non operating room anesthetizing locations. Approved by the ASA House of delegates on October 15, 2003 and amended on October 22 2008. [Cited 10 Oct 2012]. Available from: http://www.asahq.org/publicationsAndServices/sgstoc.htm.

  7. American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Preanesthesia Evaluation. Practice advisory for preanesthesia evaluation: an updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on preanesthesia evaluation. Anesthesiology. 2012;116:1–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. White PF, Eng MR. Ambulatory (outpatient) anesthesia. In: Miller RD, editor. Miller’s anesthesia. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier; 2010. p. 2419–59.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  9. Levin N. Preanesthetic assessment of the cosmetic surgery patient. In: Friedberg BL, editor. Anesthesia in cosmetic surgery. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2007. p. 171–81.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  10. American Society of Anesthesiologist. ASA physical status classification system. [Cited 5 Oct 2012]. Available from: http://www.asahq.org/For-Members/Clinical-Information/ASA-Physical-Status-Classification-System.aspx.

  11. Goldman L, Caldera DL, Nussbaum SR. Multifactorial index of cardiac risk in noncardiac surgical procedures. N Engl J Med. 1997;297(16):845–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Lee TH, Marcantonio ER, Poss R, Mangione CM, Thomas EJ, Polanczyk CA, Cook EF, Sugarbake DJ, Donaldson MC, Ho KL, Ludwig LE, Pedan A, Goldman L. Derivation and prospective validation of a simple index for prediction of cardiac risk of major noncardiac surgery. Circulation. 1999;100(10):1043–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Fleisher LA, Beckman JA, Brown KA, Calkins H, Chaikof EL, Fleischmann KE, Freeman WK, Froehlich JB, Kasper EK, Kersten JR, Riegel B, Robb JF, Smith Jr SC, Jacobs AK, Adams CD, Anderson JL, Antman EM, Buller CE, Creager MA, Ettinger SM, Faxon DP, Fuster V, Halperin JL, Hiratzka LF, Hunt SA, Lytle BW, Nishimura R, Ornato JP, Page RL, Riegel B, Tarkington LG, Yancy CW. ACC/AHA 2007 guidelines on perioperative cardiovascular evaluation and care for noncardiac surgery: executive summary. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;50(17):1707–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Lichtor JL. Adult preoperative preparation; equipment and monitoring. In: Twersky RS, Philip BK, editors. Handbook of ambulatory anesthesia. 2nd ed. New York: Springer; 2008. p. 144–68.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  15. Bertrand M, Godet G, Meersschaert K, Brun L, Salcedo E, Coriat P. Should the angiotensin II antagonist be discontinued before surgery? Anesth Analg. 2001;92(1):26–30.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Horlocker TT, Wedel DJ, Rowlingson JC, Enneking FK, Kopp SL, Benzon HT, Brown DL, Heit JA, Mulroy MF, Rosenquist RW, Tryba M, Yuan CS. Regional anesthesia in the patient receiving antithrombotic or thrombolytic therapy. American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Evidence-Based Guidelines (third edition). Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2010;35(1):64–101.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Glister BC, Vigersky RA. Perioperative management of type I diabetes mellitus. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2003;32(2):411–36.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Skinner CM, Rangasami J. Preoperative use of herbal medicines: a patient survey. Br J Anaesth. 2002;89(5):792–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Ernst E. The risk-benefit profile of commonly used herbal therapies: Ginko, St. John’sWort, Ginseng, Echinacea, Saw Palmetto, and Kava. Ann Intern Med. 2002;136(1):42–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Crowe S, Fitzpatrick G, Jamaluddin MF. Use of herbal medication in ambulatory surgical patients. Anaesthesia. 2002;57(2):203–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Smith I, Kranke P, Murat I, Smith A, O'Sullivan G, Søreide E, Spies C, in’t Veld B, European Society of Anaesthesiology. Perioperative fasting in adults and children: guidelines from the European Society of Anaesthesiology. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2011;28(8):556–69.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. American Society of Anesthesiologists Committee. Practice guidelines for preoperative fasting and the use of pharmacologic agents to reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration: application to healthy patients undergoing elective procedures. Anesthesiology. 2011;114(3):495–511.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Caumo W, Schmidt AP, Schneider CN, Bergmann J, Iwamoto CW, Bandeira D, Ferreira MB. Risk factors for preoperative anxiety in adults. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2001;45(3):298–307.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Bauer KP, Dom PM, Ramirez AM, O’Flaherty JE. Preoperative intravenous midazolam: benefits beyond anxiolysis. J Clin Anesth. 2004;16(3):177–83.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Kain ZN, Sevarino F, Pincus S, Alexander GM, Wang SM, Ayoub C, Kosarussavadi B. Attenuation of the preoperative stress response with midazolam: effects on postoperative outcomes. Anesthesiology. 2000;93(1):141–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Hargreaves J. Benzodiazepine premedication in minor day-case surgery: comparison of oral midazolam and temazepam with placebo. Br J Anaesth. 1988;61(5):611–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. De Witte JL, Algret C, Sessler DI, Cammu G. Preoperative alprazolam reduces anxiety in ambulatory surgery patients: a comparison with oral midazolam. Anesth Analg. 2002;95(6):1601–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Friedberg B, Sigl JC. Clonidine premedication decrease propofol consumption during bispectral index (BIS) monitored propofol-ketamine technique for office-based surgery. Dermatol Surg. 2000;26(9):848–52.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Higuchi H, Adachi Y, Arimura S, Nitahara K, Satoh TL. Oral clonidine premedication reduces the awakening concentration of propofol. Anesth Analg. 2002;94(4):609–14.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Recart A, Issioui T, White PF, Klein K, Watcha MF, Stool L, Shah M. Efficacy of celecoxib premedication on postoperative pain and recovery times after ambulatory surgery: a dose-ranging study. Anesth Analg. 2003;96(6):1631–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Freedman BM, Balakrishnan TP, O’Hara EL. Celecoxib reduces narcotic use and pain following augmentation mammaplasty. Aesthet Surg J. 2006;26(1):24–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Hval K, Thagaard KS, Schlichting E, Raeder J. The prolonged postoperative analgesic effect when dexamethasone is added to a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (rofecoxib) before breast surgery. Anesth Analg. 2007;105(2):481–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Lee A, Gin T, Lau A, Ng FF. A comparison of patients and health care professionals’ preferences for symptoms during immediate postoperative recovery and the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anesth Analg. 2005;100(1):87–93.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Apfel CC, Roewer N. Risk assessment of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Int Anesthesiol Clin. 2003;41(4):12–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Apfel CC, Laara E, Koivuranta M, Greim CA, Roewer N. A simplified risk score for predicting postoperative nausea and vomiting: conclusions from cross-validations between two centers. Anesthesiology. 1999;91(3):693–700.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Gan T, Meyer T, Apfel C, Chung F, Davis PJ, Habib AS, Hooper VD, Kovac AL, Kranke P, Myles P, Philip BK, Samsa G, Sessler DI, Temo J, Tramèr MR, Vander Kolk C, Watcha M, Society for Ambulatory Anesthesia. Society for Ambulatory Anesthesia guidelines for the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anesth Analg. 2007;105(6):1615–28.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Wang J, Ho S, Tzeng J, Tang CS. The effect of timing of dexamethasone administration on its efficacy as a prophylactic antiemetic for postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anesth Analg. 2000;91(1):136–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Diemunsch P, Apfel C, Gan TJ, Candiotti K, Philip BK, Chelly J, Carides AD, Evans JK, Ho TW, Reiss T. Preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting: Post hoc analysis of pooled data from two randomized active-controlled trials of aprepitant. Curr Med Res Opin. 2007;23(10):2559–65.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Diemunsch PA, Apfel C, Philip B, Gan TJ, Reiss TR. NK1 antagonist aprepitant vs. ondansetron for preventing of PONV: combined of data from 2 large trials. Anesthesiology. 2006;105:A125.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Ahmad S. Minimally invasive and advanced ambulatory procedure. In: Twersky RS, Philip BK, editors. Handbook of ambulatory anesthesia. 2nd ed. New York: Springer; 2008. p. 24–47.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  41. Lim AF, Kahn DM, Commons GW, Vokach-Brodsky L, Halperin BD. Nonfacial aesthetic surgery. In: Jaffe RA, Samuels SI, editors. Anesthesiologist’s manual of surgical procedures. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009. p. 1084–103.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Taub PJ, Bashey S, Hausman LM. Anesthesia for cosmetic surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2010;125(1):1e–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Radu AD, Miled F, Marret E, Vigneau A, Bonnet F. Pharyngo-laryngeal discomfort after breast surgery: comparison between orotracheal intubation and laryngeal mask. Breast. 2008;17(4):407–11.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Chietero M, Roth R. Office-based anesthesia: anesthetic techniques, drugs, selection, and discharge criteria. Semin Anesth Perioper Med Pain. 2006;25:13–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Reves JG, Glass PSA, Lubarsky DA, McEvoy MD, Martinez-Ruiz R. Intravenous anesthetics. In: Miller RD, editor. Miller’s anesthesia. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier; 2010. p. 719–68.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  46. Hausman LM. Advances in office-based anesthesia. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2003;16(4):421–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Norton AC, Dundas CR. Induction agents for day case anaesthesia: a double-blind comparison of propofol and midazolam antagonised by flumazenil. Anaesthesia. 1990;45(3):198–203.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Forster A, Gardaz JP, Suter PM, Gemperle M. I.V. midazolam as an induction agent for anaesthesia: a study in volunteers. Br J Anaesth. 1980;52(9):907–11.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Gan TJ, Philip BK. Sedation techniques. In: Twersky RS, Philip BK, editors. Handbook of ambulatory anesthesia. 2nd ed. New York: Springer; 2008. p. 169–95.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  50. White PF, Way WL, Trevor AJ. Ketamine—its pharmacology and therapeutic uses. Anesthesiology. 1982;56(2):119–36.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Badrinath S, Avramov MN, Shadrick M, Witt TR, Ivankovich AD. The use of a ketamine-propofol combination during monitored anesthesia care. Anesth Analg. 2000;90(4):858–62.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Friedberg B. Propofol Ketamine with Bispectral Index (BIS) monitoring. In: Friedberg B, editor. Anesthesia in cosmetic surgery. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2007. p. 1–13.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  53. Friedberg BL. Propofol-ketamine technique: dissociative anesthesia for office surgery (a five year review of 1,264 cases). Aesthetic Plast Surg. 1999;23(1):70–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Burkle H, Dunbar S, Van AH. Remifentanil: a novel, short-acting, mu-opioid. Anesth Analg. 1996;83(3):646–51.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Egan TD. Target-controlled drug delivery: progress toward an intravenous “vaporizer” and automated anesthetic administration. Anesthesiology. 2003;99(5):1214–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. White PF, Coe V, Shafer A, Sung ML. Comparison of alfentanil with fentanyl for outpatient anesthesia. Anesthesiology. 1986;64(1):99–106.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Gertler R, Joshi GP. General anesthesia. In: Twersky RS, Philip BK, editors. Handbook of ambulatory anesthesia. 2nd ed. New York: Springer; 2008. p. 234–51.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  58. Sacan O, White PF, Tufanogullari B, Klein K. Sugammadex reversal of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade: a comparison with neostigmine-glycopyrrolate and edrophonium atropine. Anesth Analg. 2007;104(3):569–74.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Gupta A, Stierer T, Zuckerman R, Sakima N, Parker SD, Fleisher LA. Comparison of recovery profile after ambulatory anesthesia with propofol, isoflurane, sevoflurane and desflurane: a systematic review. Anesth Analg. 2004;98(3):632–41.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Van Hemelrijck J, Smith I, White PF. Use of desflurane or outpatient anesthesia: a comparison with propofol and nitrous oxide. Anesthesiology. 1991;75(2):197–203.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Leslie K, Clavisi O, Hargrove J. Target-controlled infusion versus manually-controlled infusion of propofol for general anaesthesia or sedation in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;16(3):6059.

    Google Scholar 

  62. van den Nieuwenhuyzen MC, Engbers FH, Vuyk J, Burm AG. Target-controlled infusion systems: role in anaesthesia and analgesia. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2000;38(2):181–90.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Viviand X, Leone M. Induction and maintenance of intravenous anaesthesia using target-controlled infusion system. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2001;15(1):19–33.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Eikaas H, Raeder J. Total intravenous anaesthesia techniques for ambulatory surgery. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2009;22(6):725–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Sneyd JR, Holmes KA. Inhalational or total intravenous anaesthesia: is total intravenous anaesthesia useful and are there economic benefits? Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2011;24(2):182–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Tonner PH, Scholz J. Total intravenous or balanced anaesthesia in ambulatory surgery? Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2000;13(6):631–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Apfelbaum JL, Lichtor JL, Lane BS, Coalson DW, Korttila KT. Awakening, clinical recovery, and psychomotor effects after desflurane and propofol anesthesia. Anesth Analg. 1996;83(4):721–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Apfel CC, Kranke P, Katz MH, Goepfert C, Papenfuss T, Rauch S, Heineck R, Greim CA, Roewer N. Volatile anaesthetics may be the main cause of early but not delayed postoperative vomiting: a randomized controlled trial of factorial design. Br J Anaesth. 2002;88(5):659–68.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Colque A, Eisemann ML. Breast augmentation and augmentation-mastopexy with local anesthesia and intravenous sedation. Aesthet Surg J. 2012;32(3):303–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Rezai A, Singh SR. The use of well-monitored sedation anesthesia for breast augmentation. Aesthet Surg J. 2004;24:277–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Spear SL, Bulan EJ. The medial periareolar approach to submuscular augmentation mammaplasty under local anesthesia: a 10-year follow–up. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2001;108(3):771–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Mottura AA. Local anesthesia in reduction mastoplasty for out-patient surgery. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 1992;16(4):309–15.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Zukowski ML, Ash K, Klink B, Reid D, Messa A. Breast reduction under intravenous sedation: a review of 50 cases. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1996;97(5):952–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Klein SM, Bergh A, Steele SM, Georgiade GS, Greengrass RA. Thoracic paravertebral block for breast surgery. Anesth Analg. 2000;90(6):1402–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Cooter RD, Rudkin GE, Gardiner SE. Day case breast augmentation under paravertebral blockade: a prospective study of 100 consecutive patients. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2007;31(6):666–73.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. The American Society of Anesthesiologists. Continuum of depth of sedation: definition of general anesthesia and levels of sedation/analgesia. [Cited 2 Oct 2012]. Available at; http://www.asahq.org/publicationsAndServices/sgstoc.htm.

  77. Kakagia D, Fotiadis S, Tripsiannis G. Levobupivacaine versus ropivacaine infiltration for mastopexy: a comparative study of 2 long-acting anesthetic drugs in infiltrative anesthesia for mastopexy. Ann Plast Surg. 2005;55(3):258–61.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Smith I, White PF, Nathanson M, Goudson R. Propofol: an update on its clinical uses. Anesthesiology. 1994;81(4):1005–43.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Sneyd JR. Recent advances in intravenous anesthesia. Br J Anaesth. 2004;93(5):725–36.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Casati A, Fanelli G, Casaletti E, Colnaghi E, Cedrati V, Torri G. Clinical assessment of target-controlled infusion of propofol during monitored anesthesia care. Can J Anaesth. 1999;46(3):235–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Pollock C. Propofol Ketamine (PK) in the UK, Propofol Ketamine beyond cosmetic surgery. In: Friedberg B, editor. Anesthesia in cosmetic surgery. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2007. p. 59–67.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  82. Holas A, Krafft P, Marcovic M, Quehenberger F. Remifentanil, propofol or both for conscious sedation during eye surgery under regional anaesthesia. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 1999;16(11):741–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Avramov MN, White PF. Use of alfentanil and propofol for outpatient monitored anesthesia care: determining the optimal dosing regimen. Anesth Analg. 1997;85(3):566–72.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Pusch F, Freitag H, Weinstabl C, Obwegeser R, Huber E, Wilding E. Single injection paravertebral block compared to general anesthesia in breast surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1999;43(7):770–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Schnabel A, Reichl SU, Kranke P, Pogatzki-Zahn EM, Zahn PK. Efficacy and safety of paravertebral blocks in breast surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Br J Anaesth. 2010;105(6):842–52.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Tahiri Y, de Tran QH, Bouteaud J, Xu L, Lalonde D, Luc M, Nikolis A. General anesthesia versus thoracic paravertebral block for breast surgery: a meta-analysis. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2011;64(10):1261–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Thavaneswaran P, Rudkin GE, Cooter RD, Moyens DG, Perera CL, Maddern GJ. Brief reports: paravertebral block for anesthesia: a systematic review. Anesth Analg. 2010;110(6):1740–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Boughey JC, Goravanchi F, Parris RN, Kee SS, Frenzel JC, Hunt KK, Ames FC, Kuerer HM, Lucci A. Improved postoperative pain control using thoracic paravertebral block for breast operations. Breast J. 2009;15(5):483–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Karmakar MK. Thoracic paravertebral block. Anesthesiology. 2001;95(3):771–80.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Buckenmaier 3rd CC, Steele SM, Nielsen C, Martin AH, Klein SM. Bilateral continuous paravertebral catheters for reduction mammoplasty. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2002;46(8):1042–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Greengrass R, Buckenmaier 3rd CC. Paravertebral anesthesia/analgesia for ambulatory surgery. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2002;16(2):271–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Biggs TM. Discussion: pain control in augmentation mammaplasty. The use of indwelling catheters in 200 consecutive patients. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2003;111(6):2097–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  93. Tebbetts JB. Achieving a predictable 24-hour return to normal activities after breast augmentation: Part I. Refining practices by using motion and time study principles. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2002;109(1):273–90.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Mahabir RC, Peterson BD, Williamson JS, Valnicek SM, Williamson DG, East WE. Locally administered ketorolac and bupivacaine for control of postoperative pain in breast augmentation patients. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2004;114(7):1910–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. von Sperling ML, Høimyr H, Finnerup K, Jensen TS, Finnerup NB. Persistent pain and sensory changes following cosmetic breast augmentation. Eur J Pain. 2011;15(3):328–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  96. Shapiro FE. Anesthesia for outpatient cosmetic surgery. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2008;21(6):704–10.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Jabs D, Richards BG, Richards FD. Quantitative effects of tumescent infiltration and bupivacaine injection in decreasing postoperative pain in submuscular breast augmentation. Aesthet Surg J. 2008;28(5):528–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Fayman M, Beeton A, Potgieter E, Becker PJ. Comparative analysis of bupivacaine for infiltration analgesia for bilateral breast surgery. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2003;27(2):100–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Parker WL, Charbonneau R. Large area local anesthesia (LALA) in submuscular breast augmentation. Aesthet Surg J. 2004;24(5):436–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Mahabir RC, Peterson BD, Williamson JS, Valnicek SM, Williamson DG, East WE. Locally administered ketorolac and bupivacaine for control of postoperative pain in breast augmentation patients: part II. 10-day follow-up. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2008;121(2):638–43.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Kazmier FR, Henry SL, Christiansen D, Puckett CL. A prospective randomized, double-blind controlled trial of continuous local anesthetic infusion in cosmetic breast augmentation. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2008;121(3):711–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Pacik PT. Pain management in augmentation mammaplasty: a randomized, comparative study of the use of a continuous versus self-administration intermittent bolus of a local anesthetic. Aesthet Surg J. 2004;24(6):523–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Pacik PT, Nelson CN, Werner C. Pain control in augmentation mammaplasty using indwelling catheters in 687 consecutive patients: data analysis. Aesthet Surg J. 2008;28(6):631–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Chandran GJ, Lalonde DH. A review of pain pumps in plastic surgery. Can J Plast Surg. 2010;18(1):15–8.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  105. Lu L, Fine NA. The efficacy of continuous local anesthetic infiltration in breast surgery: reduction mammaplasty and reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2005;115(7):1927–34.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Jacob AK, Walsh MT, Dilger JA. Role of regional anesthesia in the ambulatory environment. Anesthesiol Clin. 2010;28(2):251–66.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anesthesiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

    Simona Claudia Margarit M.D., Ph.D.

  2. Department of Anesthesiology, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology-Hepatology “Prof. Dr Octavian Fodor” and Medestet Center of Excelence in Aesthetic Surgery, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

    Simona Claudia Margarit M.D., Ph.D.

Authors
  1. Simona Claudia Margarit M.D., Ph.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Simona Claudia Margarit M.D., Ph.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Medestet Clinic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

    Toma T. Mugea

  2. Department of Surgery, Newport Specialty Hospital, Tustin, CA, USA

    Melvin A. Shiffman

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Margarit, S.C. (2015). Anesthesia in Breast Surgery. In: Mugea, T.T., Shiffman, M.A. (eds) Aesthetic Surgery of the Breast. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43407-9_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43407-9_9

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-43406-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-43407-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation