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The Uvea

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Eye Pathology

Abstract

The uveal tract is the highly vascularised middle layer of the eye and consists of the iris, ciliary body and the choroid. It provides several essential functions to the eye, including nutritive supply to almost all intraocular structures, production of aqueous humor, secretion of hyaluronic acid into the vitreous and control of accommodation. It contains scattered lymphocytes between the normal choroidal pigmented melanocytes; it does not contain lymphatic vessels. Congenital abnormalities of the uvea include albinism, colobomas, corectopias, cysts as well as involvement in syndromes, e.g. neurofibromatosis. The uvea can be involved in inflammatory processes of varying degrees of severity, and they can be localised (diffuse or nodular) as well as part of systemic conditions. Trauma to the uveal tract can be either surgical or nonsurgical. Most cases show intraocular haemorrhage and loss or incarceration of intraocular structures. A particular peculiar but sight threatening condition of the uvea is sympathetic uveitis (ophthalmia), which is a severe bilateral granulomatous inflammation of the uveal tract that follows unilateral trauma or surgery. Degenerative conditions of the uvea include muscle atrophy, hyalinisation, cystic formation as well as choroidal vascularisation; the latter playing a major role in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration. The tumours arising in the uvea are numerous and range from hyperplastic proliferations, to benign neoplasms, to malignancies that are rarely metastatic but typically infiltrative, to other malignancies that can be fatal in close to 50 % of patients and finally to metastatic lesions of systemic tumours within the eye.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital NHS Trust, University of Liverpool, 6th Floor Duncan Building, Daulby Street, Liverpool, L69 3GA, UK

    Sarah E. Coupland MBBS, PhD, FRCPath

  2. Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Pathology Laboratory, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, University of Lausanne, Av de France 15, Case postale 133, Lausanne, 1000, Switzerland

    Alexander Moulin MD, MER, FEBO

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  1. Sarah E. Coupland MBBS, PhD, FRCPath
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  2. Alexander Moulin MD, MER, FEBO
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Correspondence to Sarah E. Coupland MBBS, PhD, FRCPath .

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  1. Eye Pathology Section Teilum-bygningen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Steffen Heegaard

  2. L.F. Montgomery Laboratory, Emory Eye Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

    Hans Grossniklaus

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Coupland, S.E., Moulin, A. (2015). The Uvea. In: Heegaard, S., Grossniklaus, H. (eds) Eye Pathology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43382-9_10

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