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Die langzeitliche Entwicklung von Morbidität und Gesundheit in Deutschland – mehr Gesundheit für alle?

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Medizinische Soziologie in Deutschland

Part of the book series: Gesundheit und Gesellschaft ((GESUND))

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Zusammenfassung

Angesichts der demografischen Alterung der Bevölkerung wird von einer wachsenden Zahl chronisch kranker Menschen ausgegangen und vor diesem Hintergrund ein Anstieg des gesundheitlichen Versorgungsbedarfs prognostiziert. Dieser eher pessimistischen Einschätzung einer Morbiditätsexpansion wird mit der These der Morbiditätskompression ein positives Zukunftsszenario gegenübergestellt. Es postuliert, dass nicht nur die allgemeine Lebenserwartung, sondern auch die Lebenszeit in Gesundheit zunimmt und entsprechend Zustände in Krankheit und gesundheitlicher Beeinträchtigung an das Ende des Lebens ‚komprimiert‘ werden. Der vorliegende Beitrag bilanziert die empirische Evidenz zu diesen gegensätzlichen Hypothesen anhand ausgewählter Erkrankungen sowie subjektiver Gesundheitsindikatoren. Zentrale Studien zu diesem Thema sind im Kontext des Forschungsschwerpunktes ‚Morbiditätskompression und ihre Alternativen‘ der Medizinischen Soziologie an der MHH entstanden. Die Zusammenschau der Studien zeigt, dass die bisherigen Befunde sowohl auf positive Trends in Richtung einer Morbiditätskompression als auch auf negative Entwicklungen in Richtung einer Morbiditätsexpansion hindeuten. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen gleichzeitig die Relevanz der medizinsoziologischen Ungleichheitsforschung, da sich die Trends in Abhängigkeit vom sozioökonomischen Status, dem Lebensalter sowie dem Geschlecht deutlich unterscheiden. Positive Trends in Morbidität und Gesundheit konnten vor allem in der älteren Bevölkerung sowie bei Menschen mit einem hohen sozioökonomischen Status ermittelt werden. Auf der Grundlage des sozialepidemiologischen Erklärungsmodells der sozialen Verursachung gesundheitlicher Ungleichheit wird anschließend der Frage nachgegangen, welche gesellschaftlichen Veränderungen auf materiell/struktureller, psychosozialer und verhaltensbezogener Ebene als Treiber der Morbiditäts- und Gesundheitstrends in Betracht kommen. Dabei wird deutlich, dass der Perspektivenwechsel von der Beschreibung zur Erklärung von Morbiditäts- und Gesundheitstrends bislang erst in Ansätzen erfolgt ist. Die Analyse des komplexen Wechselspiels zwischen gesellschaftlichen und gesundheitlichen Entwicklungen stellt damit ein bedeutsames Feld zukünftiger medizinsoziologischer Forschung dar, dessen Ergebnisse Orientierungspunkte für die Sozial- und Gesundheitspolitik geben können.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Niedersachsen , Deutschland

    Stefanie Sperlich, Johannes Beller, Jelena Epping, Batoul Safieddine, Fabian Tetzlaff, Juliane Tetzlaff & Siegfried Geyer

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  1. Stefanie Sperlich
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  2. Johannes Beller
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  3. Jelena Epping
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  6. Juliane Tetzlaff
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  7. Siegfried Geyer
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Correspondence to Stefanie Sperlich .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Medizinische Soziologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Deutschland

    Johannes Siegrist

  2. Institut für Medizinische Psychologie und Medizinische Soziologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Deutschland

    Ulrich Stößel

  3. Institut für Medizinische Soziologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Deutschland

    Alf Trojan

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Sperlich, S. et al. (2022). Die langzeitliche Entwicklung von Morbidität und Gesundheit in Deutschland – mehr Gesundheit für alle?. In: Siegrist, J., Stößel, U., Trojan, A. (eds) Medizinische Soziologie in Deutschland. Gesundheit und Gesellschaft. Springer VS, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-37692-5_10

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