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Wohnungslosigkeit und Gesundheit

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Handbuch Wohnungs- und Obdachlosigkeit

Zusammenfassung

Das Kapitel „Wohnungslosigkeit und Gesundheit“ bietet einen Überblick zu Ausmaß und Ursachen gesundheitlicher Ungleichheit Wohnungsloser. Es nähert sich der Versorgungsrealität an, beleuchtet bewährte und sich neu entwickelnde Ansätze gesundheitlicher Versorgung wohnungsloser Personen.

Wohnungslose Personen leiden unter einer erdrückenden Krankheitslast mit deutlich erhöhter Sterblichkeit. Sowohl körperliche als auch psychische Erkrankungen betreffen sie besonders häufig.

Zwei prominente Hypothesen wollen den schlechten Gesundheitszustand in dieser Lebenslage erklären: Einerseits geht eine schädigende Wirkung von den Lebensbedingungen in der Wohnungslosigkeit mit Kälte, Feuchtigkeit, verdorbener Nahrung, Belastung durch Krankheitserreger und Gewalterfahrungen aus. Andererseits können Menschen aufgrund schwerer Erkrankungen in immer schlechtere Lebensbedingungen bis zur Wohnungslosigkeit gedrängt werden, wo sie sich sammeln. Auch ein gesellschaftlicher Wiederaufstieg wird durch die Krankheit verhindert. Im Ergebnis verstärken sich der sozialer Abstieg durch Krankheit und die krank machenden Lebensbedingungen auf der Straße gegenseitig und bilden einen Teufelskreis.

Heute nutzt zumindest ein Teil der wohnungslosen Bevölkerung das Gesundheitssystem intensiv. Insbesondere die Notfallversorgung und stationäre Krankenhausaufenthalte werden statistisch gesehen häufig benötigt. Dann gelingt es aber oft nicht, die regelmäßige ambulante Weiterversorgung zu erreichen, so dass darauf folgende Verschlechterungen wieder notfallmäßig behandelt werden müssen.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    „Platte Machen“ bezeichnet das Übernachten außerhalb von Wohnraum z. B. in Parks, Hauseingängen, Abrisshäusern oder Zelten.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Schlaganfall- und Demenzforschung, München, Deutschland

    Ignaz Steiger

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  1. Ignaz Steiger
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  1. FH Dortmund, Dortmund, Deutschland

    Dierk Borstel

  2. FH Dortmund, Dortmund, Deutschland

    Jennifer Brückmann

  3. FH Dortmund, Dortmund, Deutschland

    Laura Nübold

  4. bodo e.V., Dortmund, Deutschland

    Bastian Pütter

  5. FH Dortmund, Dortmund, Deutschland

    Tim Sonnenberg

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Steiger, I. (2023). Wohnungslosigkeit und Gesundheit. In: Borstel, D., Brückmann, J., Nübold, L., Pütter, B., Sonnenberg, T. (eds) Handbuch Wohnungs- und Obdachlosigkeit. Springer VS, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-35279-0_27-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-35279-0_27-1

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  • Print ISBN: 978-3-658-35279-0

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