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Regional Mortality Disparities in Germany

Regionale Mortalitätsunterschiede in Deutschland

Long-Term Dynamics and Possible Determinants

Langfristige Veränderungen und mögliche Ursachen

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Social Demography Forschung an der Schnittstelle von Soziologie und Demografie

Abstract

While regional mortality inequalities in Germany tend to be relatively stable in the short run, over the course of the past century marked changes have occurred in the country’s regional mortality patterns. These changes include not only the re-emergence of stark differences between eastern and western Germany after 1970, which have almost disappeared again in the decades after the reunification of Germany in 1990; but also substantial changes in the disparities between northern and southern Germany. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the northern regions in Germany had the highest life expectancy levels, while the southern regions had the lowest. Today, this mortality pattern is reversed. In this paper, we study these long-term trends in spatial mortality disparities in Germany since 1910, and link them with theoretical considerations and existing research on the possible determinants of these patterns. Our findings support the view that the factors which contributed to shape spatial mortality variation have changed substantially over time, and suggest that the link between regional socioeconomic conditions and recorded mortality levels strengthened over the last 100 years.

Zusammenfassung

Regionale Unterschiede in der Sterblichkeit in Deutschland erweisen sich kurzfristig betrachtet als relativ stabil. Im Laufe des letzten Jahrhunderts wurden allerdings deutliche Veränderungen in den regionalen Sterblichkeitsmustern verzeichnet. Hierzu zählt nicht nur das Wiederauftreten ausgeprägter Ost-West-Unterschiede ab 1970, die in den Jahrzehnten nach der deutschen Wiedervereinigung 1990 fast wieder verschwunden sind. Vielmehr haben sich auch substanzielle Verschiebungen zwischen Nord- und Süddeutschland ergeben. Zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts registrierten die norddeutschen Regionen die höchsten Lebenserwartungsniveaus, während die süddeutschen Landesteile die niedrigsten verzeichneten. Über die letzten 100 Jahre hat sich dieses räumliche Muster weitgehend umgekehrt. In diesem Beitrag analysieren wir die langfristigen Entwicklungen der räumlichen Mortalitätsunterschiede in Deutschland seit 1910. Die beobachteten Veränderungen setzen wir in Bezug zu theoretischen Überlegungen und existierenden Forschungsergebnissen zu möglichen Ursachen für regionale Mortalitätstrends. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen auf, dass sich die Zusammensetzung der maßgeblich zur Entwicklung der regionalen Sterblichkeitsmuster beitragenden Faktoren über die Zeit erheblich verändert hat. Außerdem scheint sich der Zusammenhang zwischen regionalen sozioökonomischen Bedingungen und den registrierten Sterblichkeitsniveaus in den letzten 100 Jahren verstärkt zu haben.

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Karsten Hank Michaela Kreyenfeld

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Kibele, E., Klüsener, S., Scholz, R. (2016). Regional Mortality Disparities in Germany. In: Hank, K., Kreyenfeld, M. (eds) Social Demography Forschung an der Schnittstelle von Soziologie und Demografie. Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie. Springer VS, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-11490-9_11

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