Skip to main content

The Selective Avoidance of Threat Appeals in Right-Wing Populist Political Ads: An Implicit Cognition Approach Using Eye-Tracking Methodology.

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Advances in Advertising Research (Vol. VI)

Part of the book series: European Advertising Academy ((EAA))

Abstract

Right-wing populist parties increasingly use political poster advertisements depicting negative and threatening images of foreigners, especially framing Muslims as a threat to Western European countries and culture (e.g. Betz, 2013; Marquart, 2013). For instance, parties such as the SVP in Switzerland, the FPÖ in Austria, the Fremskrittspartiet in Norway, or the NPD in Germany apply political poster ads that openly attack minorities and immigrants. These poster ads often depict simple, strongly emotional content, such as praying or screaming Muslims, or women in Burkas.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Anderson, N. H. (1981), “Integration Theory Applied to Cognitive Responses and Attitudes,” in: Petty, R. E.; Ostrom, T. M.; Brock, T. C. (1981) (eds.): Cognitive Responses in Persuasion, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, 361–397.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arendt, F., Marquart, F. and J. Matthes (2013), “Positively valenced, calming political ads. Their influence on the correspondence between implicit and explicit attitudes”, in: Journal of Media Psychology, Vol. 25, 72–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Assael, H. (1998), “Consumer Behavior and Marketing Action,” South Western College Publishing, Cincinnati, Ohio.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bandura, A. (1979), “Social Learning Theory,” Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bargh, J. A. (1994), “The Four Horsemen of Automaticity: Awareness, Intention, Efficiency, and Control in Social Cognition”, in: Wyer, R. S. and T. K. Srull (1994) (eds.), Handbook of Social Cognition. Vol. 1: Basic Processes, Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 2nd ed, 1–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beales, H.; Mazis, M.; Salon, S. and R. Staelin (1981), “Consumer Search and Public Policy,” in: Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 8, 11–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beattie, G. and L. McGuire (2012), “See no Evil? Only Implicit Attitudes Predict Unconscious Eye Movements Towards Images of Climate Change”, in: Semiotica, Vol. 192, 315–339.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berry, L. L.; Seiders, K. and D. Grewal (2002), “Understanding Service Convenience,” in: Journal of Marketing, 66, July, 1–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Betz, H.-G. (2013), “Mosques, Minarets, Burqas and Other Essential Threats: The Populist Right's Campaign against Islam in Western Europe”, in: Wodak, R.; KhosraviNik, M. and B. Mral (2013) (eds.): Right-Wing Populism in Europe. Politics and Discourse, Bloomsbury, London, 71–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blackwell, R. D.; Miniard, P. W. and J. F. Engel (2001), “Consumer Behavior,” 9th ed., Fort Worth.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bolger, N.; Davis, A. and E. Rafaeli (2003), “Diary Methods: Capturing life as it is lived,” in: Annual Review of Psychology, Vol. 54, 579–616.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brunel, F.; Tietje, B. and A. G. Greenwald (2004), “Is the Implicit Association Test a Valid and Valuable Measure of Implicit Consumer Social Cognition?”, in: Journal of Consumer Psychology, Vol. 14, 385–404.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cronbach, L. (1951), “Coefficient Alpha and the Internal Structure of Tests,” in: Psychometrika, 16, 297–334.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dimofte, C. (2010), “Implicit Measures of Consumer Cognition: A Review”, in: Psychology & Marketing, Vol. 27, 921–937.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dziuban, C. D. and E. C. Shirkey (1974), “When is a Correlation Matrix Appropriate for Factor Analysis?,” in: Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 81 (6), 358–361.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Einhorn, H. J. and R. M. Hogarth (1981), “Behavioral Decision Theory: Processes of Judgement and Choice,” in: Annual Review of Psychology, 32, 53–88.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Festinger, L. (1954), “A Theory of Social Comparison Processes,” in: Human Relations, Vol. 7, No. 1, 117–140.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gawronski, B. and G. V. Bodenhausen (2006), “Associative and Propositional Processes in Evaluation: An Integrative Review of Implicit and Explicit Attitude Change”, in: Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 132, 692–731.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gidlöf, K.; Wallin, A.; Dewhurst, R. and K. Holmqvist (2013), “Using Eye Tracking to Trace a Cognitive Process: Gaze Behaviour During Decision Making in a Natural Environment”, in: Journal of Eye Movement Research, Vol. 6, 1–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Glaser, J. and C. Finn (2013), “How and Why Implicit Attitudes Should Affect Voting”, in: PS: Political Science and Politics, Vol. 46, 537–544.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenwald, A. G.; Banaji, M.; Rudman, L.; Farnham, S.; Nosek, B. and D. Mello (2002), “A Unified Theory of Implicit Attitudes, Stereotypes, Self-Esteem, and Self-Concept”, in: Psychological Review, Vol. 109, 3–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greenwald, A. G.; McGhee, D. E. and J. L. K. Schwartz (1998), “Measuring Individual Differences in Implicit Cognition: The Implicit Association Test”, in: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 74, 1464–1480.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lessinger, E.-M.; Moke, M. and C. Holtz-Bacha (2003), "‘Edmund, Essen ist fertig!' Plakatwahlkampf 2002 – Motive und Strategien [‚Edmund, supper is on!‘ Motives and strategies in 2002 political poster campaigning]“, in: C. Holtz-Bacha (ed.), Die Massenmedien im Wahlkampf. Die Bundestagswahl 2002, Wiesbaden, Westdeutscher Verlag, 216–242.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matthes, J. and F. Marquart (2013), “Werbung auf niedrigem Niveau? Die Wirkung negativ-emotionalisierender politischer Werbung auf Einstellungen gegenüber Ausländern“, Publizistik, Vol. 58, 247–266.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marquart, F. (2013), “Rechtspopulismus im Wandel. Wahlplakate der FPÖ von 1978-2008”, in: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft, Vol. 24, 353–371.

    Google Scholar 

  • McConahay, J. B. and J. C. Hough, Jr. (1976), “Symbolic Racism”, in: Journal of Social Issues, Vol. 32, 23–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmuck, D. and J. Matthes (2014), “How Anti-immigrant Rightwing Populist Advertisements Affect Young Voters: Symbolic Threats, Economic Threats and the Moderating Role of Education”, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, published ahead of print, Doi: 10.1080/1369183X.2014.981513

    Google Scholar 

  • Sidanius, J.; Devereux, E. and F. Pratto (1992), “A Comparison of Symbolic Racism Theory and Social Dominance Theory as Explanations for Racial Policy Attitudes”, in: Journal of Social Psychology, Vol. 132, 377–395.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stephan, W. G.; Ybarra, O.; Martnez, C. M.; Schwarzwald, J. and M. Tur-Kaspa (1998), “Prejudice Toward Immigrants to Spain and Israel. An Integrated Threat Theory Analysis”, in: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Vol. 29, 559–576.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strack, F. and R. Deutsch (2004), “Reflective and Impulsive Determinants of Social Behavior”, in: Personality and Social Psychology Review, Vol. 8, 220–247.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jörg Matthes .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Matthes, J., Marquart, F., Arendt, F., Wonneberger, A. (2016). The Selective Avoidance of Threat Appeals in Right-Wing Populist Political Ads: An Implicit Cognition Approach Using Eye-Tracking Methodology.. In: Verlegh, P., Voorveld, H., Eisend, M. (eds) Advances in Advertising Research (Vol. VI). European Advertising Academy. Springer Gabler, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-10558-7_12

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics