Abstract
Information and communication technologies (ICT) have been recognized for quite some time (cf. Buhalis, 2003, p. 338; Scaglione & Murphy, 2012) as a key tool for marketing and distribution in tourism. Actually, not only do they offer opportunities in terms of information diffusion (24*7*365) on product and service presentation, pricing strategies and promotions (last-minute, location-based offers, etc.), but also they broaden selling opportunities for tourism suppliers including getting customer feedback from social media sites.
During the last 20 years, various papers at the AIEST conference have followed the ICT evolution using Switzerland tourism sectors for case studies. These studies focused on either diffusion and implementation (Perruchoud-Massy, Scaglione, Schegg, & Murphy, 2005; Scaglione, Ismail, Trabichet, & Murphy, 2010; Scaglione, Johnson, & Trabichet, 2010, 2011; Scaglione, Schegg, Steiner, & Murphy, 2004a; Schegg, Scaglione, Liebrich, & Murphy, 2007; Varini, Scaglione, & Schegg, 2011) or the impact on revenue generated by ICTs in Switzerland (Scaglione, Schegg, & Murphy, 2006, 2009)
The central aim of the present research is to describe the evolution of ICT adoption and implementation in the Swiss tourism sector and in conclusion to show the importance of supporting innovation policy through the whole process but also to show the possible thread of Online Travel Agencies (OTA) for the hospitality sector. This research reviews empirical results and spells out the role of public policy in accompanying the ICT adoption and implementation processes in Switzerland.
Last but not least, this paper is a tribute to the president of AIEST, Professor Peter Keller, by showing his role during the early stages of ICT adoption and implementation in Switzerland.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Bibliography
Abrahamson, E., & Rosenkopf, L. (1993). Institutional and Competitive Bandwagons: Using Mathematical Modelling as a Tool to Explore Innovation Diffusion. Academy of Management Review, 18(3), 487–517.
Alby, T. (2007). Web 2.0: Konzepte, Anwendungen, Technologien. München – Wien: Hanser.
Anderson, P. (2007). What is Web 2.0? Ideas, Technologies and Implications for Education. JISC Technology & Standards Watch. Retrieved September 8th, 2007 http://www.jisc.ac.uk/media/documents/techwatch/tsw0701b.pdf
Berners-Lee, T., Hall, W., Hendler, J. A., O’Hara, K., Shadbolt, N., & Weitzner, D. J. (2006). A framework for web science. Foundations and trends in Web Science, 1(1), 1–130.
Bieger, T., & Laesser, C. (2005). Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification. St. Gallen: IDT-HSG. St. Gallen: IDT-HSG. http://www.unisg.ch/org/idt/cfac.nsf/338a93192a5036c7c12568ff0040fed0/DD111D3EF93DE18CC125703F0032B04E/$FILE/Travel+Market+Switzerland+2004.pdf
Bieger, T., Laesser, C., & Beritelli, P. (2004). Informationsquellen für Reiseentscheidungen - ein prozessorientierter Ansatz. In B. Thomas, L. Christian & B. Pietro (Eds.), Jahrbuch der Schweizerischen Tourismuswirtschaft (pp. 15-26). St.Gallen: IDT–HSG.
Brynjolfsson, E., & Hitt, L. M. (2000). Beyond Computation: Information Technology, Organizational Transformation and Business Performance. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 14(4), 23–48.
Buhalis, D. (2003). ETourism : information technology for strategic tourism management. Harlow, England: Financial Times Prentice Hall.
Buhalis, D., & Law, R. (2008). Progress in information technology and tourism management: 20 years on and 10 years after the Internet—The state of eTourism research. Tourism Management, 29(4), 609–623. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2008.01.005
Buhalis, D., & Main, H. (1998). Information Technology in Peripheral Small and Medium Hospitality Enterprises: Strategic Analysis and Critical Factors. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 10(5), 198–202.
Commission consultative fédérale pour le tourisme. (1979). Conception suisse du tourime. Base de la politique du tourisme. Rapport final. Berne.
Conseil fédéral suisse. (2010). Stratégie de croissance pour la place touristique suisse: rapport du Conseil fédéral du 18 juin 2010 en réponse au postulat Darbellay (08.3969) du 19 décembre 2008. Bern (Switzerland): Publications fédérales, 3003 Berne Retrieved from www.seco.admin.ch.
Croteau, A.-M., & Bergeron, F. (2001). An information technology trilogy: business strategy, technological deployment and organizational performance. The journal of strategic information systems, 10(2), 77–99.
Damanpour, F. (1991). Organizational Innovation: A Meta-analysis of Effects of Determinants and Moderators. Academy of Management Journal, 34(3), 555–590.
Egger, R., & Buhalis, D. (2008). eTourism Case Studies: Management and Marketing Issues. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
Federal Statistical Office. (2013). Statistical Data on Switzerland 2013. January 2014: Retrieved from http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/news/publikationen.html?publicationID=5071.
Fichman, R. G. (2000). The Diffusion and Assimilation of Information Technology Innovations. Framing the Domains of IT Management. In R. W. Zmud (Ed.), Projecting the Future through the Past (pp. 105–128). Cincinnati, Ohio: Pinnaflex Publishing.
Fisher, J. C., & Pry, R. H. (1971). A simple substitution model of technological change. Technological forecasting and social change, 3, 75–88. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1625(71)80005-7
Graham, P. (2005). Web 2.0. http://www.paulgraham.com/web20.html
Gretzel, U., & Yoo, K.-H. (2008). Use and impact of online travel reviews. In P. O’Connor, W. Höpken & U. Gretzel (Eds.), Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2008 : Proceedings of the International Conference in Innsbruck, Austria, 2008. Wein, New York: Springer Verlag.
Hagerstrand, T. (1967). Innovation Diffusion as a Spatial Process. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Hashim, N. H., Scaglione, M., & Murphy, J. (2012). Modelling and Comparing Malaysian Hotel Website Diffusion. In M. Fuchs, F. Ricci & L. Cantoni (Eds.), Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2012, proceedings of ENTER 2012 (pp. 167-178). Helsingborg, Sweden: Springer- Verlag.
Ip, C., Leung, R., & Law, R. (2011). Progress and development of information and communication technologies in hospitality. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 23(4), 533–551.
Irvine, W., & Anderson, A. R. (2008). ICT (Information communication technology), peripherality and smaller hospitality business in Scotland. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Re-search, 14(4), 200–218.
Ismail, A. F., Hashim, N. H., Schegg, R., & Murphy, J. (2009). Internet Implementation Leapfrogging and Website Performance. Paper presented at the Australian & New Zealand Marketing Academy Conference, Melbourne, Australia.
Kasavana, M. L., Nusair, K., & Teodosic, K. (2010). Online social networking: redefining the human web. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism technology, 1(1), 68–82.
Kracht, J., & Wang, Y. (2010). Examining the Tourism Distribution Channel: Evolution and Transformation. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 22(4-5), 736–757.
Mahajan, V., Muller, E., & Bass, F. M. (1990). New Product Diffusion Models in Marketing: A Review and Directions for Research. Journal of Marketing, 54(1), 1–26.
Mahajan, V., Muller, E., & Srivastava, R. (1990). Determination of Adopter Categories by Using Innovation Diffusion Models. Journal of Marketing Research, XXVII(February), 37–50.
Mahajan, V., Muller, E., & Wind, Y. (2000). New Product Diffusion Models: From Theory to Practice. In V. Mahajan, E. Muller & Y. Wind (Eds.), New- Product Diffusion Models (Vol. 11, pp. 3-24). Boston, Massachusetts: Kluwer Academic Publisher.
Martin, L. M. (2004). E-innovation: internet impacts on small UK hospitality firms. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 16(2), 82–90.
McCubbrey, D. J. (1999). Disintermediation and reintermediation in the US air travel distribution industry: a Delphi study. Communications of the AIS, 1(5es), 3.
Meade, N., & Islam, T. (2006). Modelling and forecasting the diffusion of innovation- A 25-year review. International Journal of Forecasting, 22(3), 519–545.
Meade, N., & Islam, T. (2008). The Effects of Network Externalities on the Diffusion of Cellular Telephones. Telektronikk: Telecommunications Forecasting, 3(4), 74–81.
Morrison, A., & Rhodri, T. (1999). The Future of Small Firms in the Hospitality Industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 11(4), 148–154.
O’Connor, P., & Frew, A. J. (2002). The future of hotel electronic distribution: expert and industry perspectives. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 43(3), 33–45.
O’Reilly, T. (2005). What is the Web 2.0? Design Patterns and Business Models for the Next Generation of Software. O’Reilly Radar. from http://www.oreilly.de/artikel/web20.html
OCDE. (2000). Swiss tourism policy-A synthesis. Organsation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OCDE) Retrieved from http://www.oecd.org/cfe/tourism/33649503.pdf.
Pan, B., Xiang, Z., Law, R., & Fesenmaier, D. R. (2011). The dynamics of search engine marketing for tourist destinations. Journal of Travel Research, 50(4), 365–377.
Perruchoud-Massy, M.-F., Scaglione, M., Schegg, R., & Murphy, J. (2005, 28th August -1st September 2005). Adoption of Innovation by Swiss Hotels: Exploring Internet Strategies and Dynamics. Paper presented at the Proceeding of the 55th AIEST-Congress 2005. Innovation in tourism :Add customer value, Brainerd/Minnesota (USA).
Presence Switzerland-Federal Department of Foreign Affairs (Producer). (Unknown, 24 February 2014). Tourism. Retrieved from http://www.swissworld.org/en/economy/key_sectors/tourism/
Rees, J., Briggs, R., & Oakey, R. (1984). The Adoption of New Technology in the American Machinery Industry. Regional Studies, 18(6), 489–504.
Rogers, E. M. (1995). Diffusion of Innovations (Fourth ed.). New York, New York: The Free Press.
Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of Innovations (5th ed.). New York: The Free Press.
Salvisberg, A., Klarer, U., & Sacchi, S. (2001). Une exploitation inégale des sites Internet par les enterprises en Suisse. La Vie économique - Revue de politique économique, 7, 53–60.
Scaglione, M., Ismail, A. F., Trabichet, J.-P., & Murphy, J. (2010). An Investigation of Leapfrogging and Web 2.0 Implementation Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2010. In U. Gretzel, R. Law & M. Fuchs (Eds.), (pp. 441-453): Springer Vienna.
Scaglione, M., Johnson, C., & Trabichet, J.-P. (2010). How the Swiss Tourism sector is managing the change to Web 2.0. In P. Keller & T. Bieger (Eds.), Managing Change in Tourism Creating Opportunities – Overcoming Obstacles (pp. 101–118). Berlin: ERICH SCHMIDT VERLAG.
Scaglione, M., Johnson, C., & Trabichet, J.-P. (2011). The Swiss Tourism Sector and Web 2.0 Change Management. In P. Keller & T. Bieger (Eds.), Managing Change in Tourism. Creating Opportunities – Overcoming Obstacles (Vol. 4, pp. 101-118). Berlin.
Scaglione, M., Johnson, C., & Trabichet, J.-P. (2013). User generated content : The adoption and implementation of Facebook across tourism segments. Paper presented at the 63rd AIEST Conference. Advances in Tourism Research: Perspectives of Actors, Institutions and Systems, Izmir (Turkey).
Scaglione, M., & Murphy, J. (2012). Modeling Internet Diffusion across Tourism Sectors. Paper presented at the AIEST Conference 2012-Advances in Tourism Research: Perspectives of Actors, Institutions and Systems, Khon Kaen/Thailand.
Scaglione, M., & Schegg, R. (2013). Forecasting the Final Penetration Rate of Online Travel Agencies (OTA) in Swiss Hotels. Paper presented at the 63th AIEST Conference - Advances in Tourism Research: Perspectives of Actors, Institutions and Systems Izmir (Turkey).
Scaglione, M., Schegg, R., & Murphy, J. (2006). Investigating Website Performance in Valais’ Hospitality Industry. In P. Keller & T. Berger (Eds.), Marketing Efficiency in Tourism - Coping with Volatile Demand (Vol. 1, pp. 131-142). Berlin: Erich Schmidt Verlag.
Scaglione, M., Schegg, R., & Murphy, J. (2009). Website Adoption and Sales performance in Valais’ Hospitality Industry. Technovation, 29(9), 625–631.
Scaglione, M., Schegg, R., Steiner, T., & Murphy, J. (2004a). The Diffusion of Domain Names by Small and Medium-Sized Swiss Hotels 54th AIEST Congress (Vol. 46, pp. 259-271). Petra, Jordan: Editions AIEST.
Scaglione, M., Schegg, R., Steiner, T., & Murphy, J. (2004b). Internet Adoption by Swiss Hotels: The Dynamics of Domain Name Registration. Paper presented at the 11th International Conference on Information Technologies in Tourism, Cairo, Egypt.
Scaglione, M., Schegg, R., Syed-Ahmad, S. F., & Murphy, J. (2008). An explanatory field of Web 2.0 in tourism. University of Applied Sciences Valais, Switzerland, Sierre.
Scaglione, M., Schegg, R., & Trabichet, J.-P. (2013). Analysing the Penetration of Web 2.0 in Different Tourism Sectors From 2008 to 2012 Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2013 (pp. 280-289): Springer.
Schegg, R., & Fux, M. (2013). Vertrieb in der Schweizer Hotellerie – ein Vergleich mit Österreich und Deutschland. Jahrbuch der Schweizer Hotellerie. hotelleriesuisse und Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Hotelkredit, in press.
Schegg, R., Liebrich, A., Scaglione, M., & Ahmad, S. F. S. (2008). An Exploratory Field Study of Web 2.0 in Tourism. In P. O’Connor, W. Höpken & U. Gretzel (Eds.), Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2008: Proceedings of the International Conference in Innsbruck, Austria, 2008 (pp. 152-163). Vienna: Springer
Schegg, R., & Scaglione, M. (2013). Substitution Effects Across Hotel Distribution Channels. In Z. Xiang & I. Tussyadiah (Eds.), Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2014 (pp. 801-812): Springer International Publishing.
Schegg, R., Scaglione, M., Liebrich, A., & Murphy, J. (2007). Internet Use by Hospitality SMEs in Alpine Destinations. In M. Sigala, J. Murphy & L. Mich (Eds.), Proceedings of the ENTER Conference 2007, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2007 (pp. 469-480). Wien-New York: Springer-Verlag.
Schegg, R., Stangl, B., Fux, M., & Inversini, A. (2013). Distribution Channels and Management in the Swiss Hotel Sector. In L. Cantoni & Z. Xiang (Eds.), Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2013: Proceedings of the International Conference in Innsbruck, January 22-25, 2013 (pp. 554–565). New York, Berlin: Springer.
Schegg, R., Steiner, T., Frey, S., & Murphy, J. (2002). Benchmarks of Web Site Design and Marketing by Swiss Hotels. Information Technology and Tourism, 5(2), 73–89.
Shadbolt, N., Hall, W., & Berners-Lee, T. (2006). The semantic web revisited. Intelligent Systems, IEEE, 21(3), 96–101.
Snellman, J., Vesala, J., & Humphrey, D. (2001). Substitution of Noncash Payment Instruments for Cash in Europe. Journal of Financial Services Research, 19(2-3), 131–145. doi: 10.1023/a:1011151219545
Swiss Tourism Federation. (2013). Swiss tourism in figures 2012. Structure and Industry data. Partnership. Politics. Quality. Bern: STF Retrieved from www.swisstourfed.ch.
Switzerland Tourism. (2007). 90 years of tourism marketing in Switzerland. Retrieved from www.stnet.ch/files/?id=4932.
Tosi, D., Denaro, G., & Pezze, M. (2009). Towards autonomic service-oriented applications. International Journal of Autonomic Computing, 1(1), 58–80.
Varini, K., Scaglione, M., & Schegg, R. (2011). Distribution channel and efficiency: An Analytic Hierarchy Process approach. In R. Law, M. Fuchs & F. Ricci (Eds.), Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2011.Proceedings of the International Conference in Innsbruck, Austria, January 26-28, 2011. Wien-New York: Springer-Verlag.
Werthner, H., & Klein, S. (1999a). ICT and the changing landscape of global tourism distribution. Electronic Markets, 9(4), 256–262.
Werthner, H., & Klein, S. (1999b). Information technology and tourism— A challenging relationship (1st ed.). Vienna: Springer-Verlag.
Xiang, Z., Gretzel, U., & Fesenmaier, D. R. (2009). Semantic representation of tourism on the Internet. Journal of Travel Research, 47(4), 440–453.
Yoo, K.-H., Lee, Y., Gretzel, U., & Fesenmaier, D. R. (2009). Trust in Travelrelated Consumer Generated Media Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2009. In W. Höpken, U. Gretzel & R. Law (Eds.), (pp. 49-59). Vienna Springer.
Zhu, K., & Kraemer, K. L. (2005). Post Adoption Variations in Usage and Value of E-Business by Organizations: Cross-Country Evidence from the Retail Industry. Information Systems Research, 16(1), 61–84.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Scaglione, M., Schegg, R. (2015). The Case of Switzerland During the Last 20 Years. In: Pechlaner, H., Smeral, E. (eds) Tourism and Leisure. Springer Gabler, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-06660-4_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-06660-4_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer Gabler, Wiesbaden
Print ISBN: 978-3-658-06659-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-658-06660-4
eBook Packages: Business and EconomicsEconomics and Finance (R0)