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GHB

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Handbuch Psychoaktive Substanzen

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Zusammenfassung

γ-Hydroxy-Buttersäure (GHB) ist eine natürlich vorkommende Substanz, die sich im Gewebe von Säugetieren und in einigen Früchten findet. Seit den 1960er-Jahren wird GHB präklinisch und klinisch in der Geburtshilfe, Anästhesie sowie der Sucht- und Schlafmedizin angewendet. In pharmakologischer Dosierung wirkt GHB hemmend auf das zentrale Nervensystem.

Missbräuchlicher Konsum findet vorwiegend in den USA, Europa und Australien Verbreitung und steht in Verbindung mit rauschartigen, luststeigernden, euphorisierenden und anabolen Eigenschaften. Mit regelmäßigem Konsum zeigen sich Toleranz- und Abhängigkeitsentwicklung. Der Gebrauch von GHB im Zusammenhang mit Sexual-Delikten wurde wiederholt beschrieben.

Die individuell stark schwankende Dosis-Wirkungs-Beziehung birgt ein hohes Risiko für Intoxikationen mit schweren Nebenwirkungen. Insbesondere der häufig vorkommende Mischkonsum führt wiederholt zu letalen Komplikationen.

Besonderes Missbrauchs- und Gesundheitsgefährdungs-Potenzial besitzen die frei erhältlichen Vorläufersubstanzen γ-Butyrolacton (GBL) und 1,4-Butandiol (1,4-BD), die in der Industrie Anwendung finden.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland

    Jonathan Henssler

  2. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland

    Felix Bermpohl

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  1. Jonathan Henssler
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  2. Felix Bermpohl
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Correspondence to Jonathan Henssler .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. FINDER academy and research , Berlin, Germany

    Maximilian von Heyden

  2. FINDER academy and research , Berlin, Germany

    Henrik Jungaberle

  3. St. Hedwig Krankenhaus, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin St. Hedwig Krankenhaus, Berlin, Berlin, Germany

    Tomislav Majić

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Henssler, J., Bermpohl, F. (2016). GHB. In: von Heyden, M., Jungaberle, H., Majić, T. (eds) Handbuch Psychoaktive Substanzen. Springer Reference Psychologie . Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55214-4_89-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55214-4_89-1

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  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-55214-4

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