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Kindliches Schädel-Hirn-Trauma – Allgemeines und Besonderheiten des leichten SHT

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Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie

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Zusammenfassung

Die Deutsche Leitlinie gibt eine Inzidenz des Schädel-Hirn-Traumas (SHT) von 581 pro 100.000 Einwohner an. Das SHT ist somit die häufigste Unfallverletzung im Kindesalter. Davon sind weniger als 10 % als mittelgradig oder schwer einzustufen. Trotz einer geringen Letalität von 0,5 % steigt diese beim schweren SHT auf bis zu 14 %. Bei 45–50 % der polytraumatisierten Kinder und Jugendlichen liegt ein SHT vor. Die Häufigkeit des schweren SHT wird dabei mit <2 % angegeben. Im Kindesalter sind Mehrfachverletzungen besonders häufig mit einem SHT vergesellschaftet (etwa 60 %). Umgekehrt liegen bei vielen schweren SHT Begleitverletzungen vor. So finden sich bei Kindern mit schwerem SHT in etwa 15 % auch Verletzungen der Halswirbelsäule. Die meisten SHT im Kindesalter sind Folge von Kraftfahrzeugunfällen, Kinder-Misshandlung, Fahrradabstürzen und Stürzen im Allgemeinen.

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  1. Klinikum Wolfsburg, Wolfsburg, Deutschland

    Axel Gänsslen

  2. Unfallchirurgie, LKH Horn, Horn, Österreich

    Thomas Neubauer

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  1. Klinik für Orthopädie, Klinikum Osnabrück GmbH Klinik für Orthopädie, Osnabrück, Niedersachsen, Deutschland

    Martin Engelhardt

  2. Unfallchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Münster Unfallchirurgie, Münster, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Deutschland

    Michael Raschke

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  1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

    Annelie-Martina Weinberg

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Gänsslen, A., Neubauer, T. (2021). Kindliches Schädel-Hirn-Trauma – Allgemeines und Besonderheiten des leichten SHT. In: Engelhardt, M., Raschke, M. (eds) Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie. Springer Reference Medizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54673-0_228-1

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