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Polycomb Complexes: Chromatin Regulators Required for Cell Diversity and Tissue Homeostasis

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Transcriptional and Epigenetic Mechanisms Regulating Normal and Aberrant Blood Cell Development

Part of the book series: Epigenetics and Human Health ((EHH))

Abstract

The Polycomb group (PcG) products are a set of evolutionary conserved proteins that form chromatin regulator complexes that control expression of developmentally relevant genes. PcG activity is essential not only to maintain the developmental potential of pluripotent cells from which specialized cell types arise, but also to ensure the directionality of the differentiation process. In the adult, these PcG functions are essential for normal cell homeostasis and their deregulation is often associated with cell transformation events. PcG-dependent transcriptional control involves posttranslational modifications of histones, decreased DNA accessibility, and other mechanisms. While the stability of Polycomb-determined chromatin landscapes is rather stable in differentiated cells, in pluripotent cells it is characteristically dynamic in order to accommodate the execution of developmental genetic programs. Best known as repressors of gene expression, recent evidence points at roles during gene activation. Besides gene expression control, PcG products also participate in other essential functions such as DNA damage response, indicating that these proteins are involved in a wide spectrum of cellular and organismal functions in need of detailed characterization.

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Acknowledgments

Work in the lab is supported by grants BFU2010-18146 (MINECO), Fundación Areces, Oncocycle S2010/BMD2470 (CAM), and FP7-People-2011-ITN.

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  1. Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu, Madrid, 28040, Spain

    Miguel Vidal

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Correspondence to Miguel Vidal .

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  1. Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom

    Constanze Bonifer

  2. Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom

    Peter N. Cockerill

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Vidal, M. (2014). Polycomb Complexes: Chromatin Regulators Required for Cell Diversity and Tissue Homeostasis. In: Bonifer, C., Cockerill, P. (eds) Transcriptional and Epigenetic Mechanisms Regulating Normal and Aberrant Blood Cell Development. Epigenetics and Human Health. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45198-0_5

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