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Nuclear Charge Radii of Light Elements and Recent Developments in Collinear Laser Spectroscopy

  • Chapter
The Euroschool on Exotic Beams, Vol. IV

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Physics ((LNP,volume 879))

Abstract

Laser spectroscopy of short-lived isotopes is a unique method to investigate nuclear ground state properties. Nuclear charge radii can be extracted from the isotope shift of optical transitions. Nuclear spins and moments determine the pattern and size of the hyperfine structure. The first part of this lecture, after a theoretical introduction, focuses on new experimental techniques that have been developed to study nuclear charge radii of short-lived isotopes of the lightest elements. The progress in collinear laser spectroscopy and particularly its combination with cooled and bunched ion beams is discussed in the second part.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    We can also introduce a level isotope shift, which is the difference in total binding energy of an atomic level in two isotopes. In the following we will use the term isotope shift synonymously with the transition isotope shift.

  2. 2.

    Momentum conservation requires also that the atom acquires linear momentum in the absorption process. While this can usually be neglected for heavy atoms in allowed dipole transitions, the contribution has to be considered for the lightest elements.

  3. 3.

    This approach is used in the analysis of the spectra of K α lines of muonic atoms to extract absolute nuclear charge radii.

  4. 4.

    The (normal) mass shift leads to an increase of binding energy for the heavier nucleus while the increasing size weakens the binding.

  5. 5.

    To be more specific: 8Be is unbound and does only exist as a resonance in the continuum with a width of about 6 eV corresponding to a half-life of approximately 10−16 s.

  6. 6.

    This state designation means that the 5 electrons in the 2p-shell couple to a 2P3/2 state. The spin of the valence electron in the 3s shell can then couple to a total J of either 1 (3/2−1/2) or 2 (3/2+1/2). The subscript outside of the square bracket represents the J value.

  7. 7.

    A one-proton halo would require a core of 16F, which is unbound.

  8. 8.

    High-power lasers in this respect means lasers with higher output power than typically available for CW high-resolution laser spectroscopy.

  9. 9.

    Exception here are small cells as used, e.g., for ion-guide applications at Jyväskylä or Louvain-la-Neuve.

  10. 10.

    “Inverted” as it decelerates instead of accelerates the ions, as in typical applications of cyclotrons.

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  1. Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany

    Wilfried Nörtershäuser & Christopher Geppert

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  1. Department Nuclear Physics II (KP2), Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany

    Christoph Scheidenberger

  2. Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland

    Marek Pfützner

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Nörtershäuser, W., Geppert, C. (2014). Nuclear Charge Radii of Light Elements and Recent Developments in Collinear Laser Spectroscopy. In: Scheidenberger, C., Pfützner, M. (eds) The Euroschool on Exotic Beams, Vol. IV. Lecture Notes in Physics, vol 879. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45141-6_6

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