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Psychische Störungen im höheren Lebensalter

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Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik, Psychotherapie

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Zusammenfassung

Die häufigsten psychischen Störungen im höheren Lebensalter sind Depression und Demenz. Die Somatisierungsneigung bei Depressionen ist deutlicher ausgeprägt als bei jüngeren Patienten. Zudem steigt die Suizidrate mit zunehmendem Alter erheblich an. Im Gegensatz zu Demenzen weisen Depressionen keinen deutlichen Anstieg im Alter auf, außer bei Menschen, die in Institutionen versorgt werden. Das Erkrankungsrisiko für Schizophrenie scheint vor dem 40. Lebensjahr 3- bis 4-mal so hoch zu sein wie zwischen dem 40. und 60. Lebensjahr; nach dem 60. Lebensjahr ist das Risiko äußerst gering. Die Symptomatik zwischen früh und spät aufgetretenen Erkrankungen unterscheidet sich nicht wesentlich. Häufiger sind dagegen mit knapp 5 % dieser Altersgruppe paranoide Syndrome. Unter den Angststörungen sind im Alter die Phobien und die generalisierte Angststörung am häufigsten. Organische Ursachen sind stets auszuschließen. Mittlerweile stehen wirksame pharmakologische und psychotherapeutische Interventionen zur Verfügung. Im Alter relativ häufig sind zudem funktionelle Störungen im Bereich der Somatisierungsstörungen. Palliativmedizinische Kenntnisse beziehen mehr und mehr auch die Bedürfnisse älterer Menschen mit ein. Schmerzlinderung bei chronischen Erkrankungen, Vermeidung unnötiger Belastung und Erhalt relativer Lebensqualität sind Kernaufgaben der medizinischen Versorgung älterer schwerkranker und sterbender Menschen. Suchterkrankungen werden in epidemiologische Studien leicht unterschätzt.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Neuro-Centrum Düsseldorf, Hohenzollernstr. 1-5, 40211, Düsseldorf, Deutschland

    Martin Haupt

  2. Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Krankenhaus Hedwigshöhe, Höhensteig. 1, 12526, Berlin, Deutschland

    Hans Gutzmann

  3. Psykiatrien i. Region Syddänmark, Skallebaekvej 5, 6100, Haderslev, Dänemark

    Dirk Wolter

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  1. Martin Haupt
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  2. Dirk Wolter
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  3. Hans Gutzmann
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Correspondence to Martin Haupt .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum München Campus Innenstadt, München, Germany

    Hans-Jürgen Möller

  2. Psychotherapie, Psychosomatische Medizin und Neurologie, Inn-Salzach-Klinikum GmbH Fachkrankenhaus für Psychiatrie, Wasserburg, Germany

    Gerd Laux

  3. Universitätsklinikum Graz Universitätsklink für Psychiatrie, Graz, Austria

    Hans-Peter Kapfhammer

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Haupt, M., Wolter, D., Gutzmann, H. (2015). Psychische Störungen im höheren Lebensalter. In: Möller, HJ., Laux, G., Kapfhammer, HP. (eds) Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik, Psychotherapie. Springer Reference Medizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45028-0_91-1

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