Abstract
The presence of blood flow is a prerequisite for all duplex ultrasound examinations. Unlike the arterial examination, spontaneous venous blood flow is not sufficient for assessing the superficial and deep veins. In addition to phenomena such as physiological modulation of flow in the deep veins due to respiration, vein compressibility and free movement of the venous valves, it is necessary to apply provocation manoeuvres to augment flow. These increase the diagnostic information by assessing the direction of flow, the patency of the vein and the behaviour of the valves.
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Mendoza, E., Lattimer, C.R. (2014). Flow Provocation Manoeuvres for the Diagnosis of Venous Disease Using Duplex Ultrasound. In: Mendoza, E., Lattimer, C., Morrison, N. (eds) Duplex Ultrasound of Superficial Leg Veins. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40731-4_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40731-4_6
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