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Tumors of the Lung Associated with HIV Infection

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Viruses and the Lung

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Abstract

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a blood-borne virus that can be transmitted via sexual contact and parenteral inoculation and vertically from mother to child. Coinfection with other viruses that share similar routes of transmission (hepatitis B and C and human herpesvirus 8) is common. Two species of the human immunodeficiency virus have been identified: HIV-1 and HIV-2. Both contain three species-defining retroviral genes (gag, pol, env) and additional accessory genes that are involved in viral replication and in the disease process (Birch 2001). HIV infects CD4+ helper T cells leading to a number of qualitative and quantitative abnormalities of CD4+ lymphocytes. Progressive decline in CD4+ helper T cells resulting in decrease or inversion of the CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio and dysregulation of B-cell antibody production remains the hallmarks of HIV infection. A CD4+ T-cell count less than 200/μL is also used as a measure to diagnose acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The depletion of CD4+ T-cell lymphocytes is likely secondary to chronic immune activation and not due to direct cytotoxic effects of viral replication (Brenchley et al. 2006).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Pathology, Pathology Unit, Ospedale dell’Angelo, via Paccagnella 11, Mestre-Venice, 30174, Italy

    Bruno Murer M.D.

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  1. Bruno Murer M.D.
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Correspondence to Bruno Murer M.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA

    Armando E. Fraire

  2. Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA

    Bruce A. Woda

  3. Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA

    Raymond M. Welsh

  4. Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Richard L. Kradin

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Murer, B. (2014). Tumors of the Lung Associated with HIV Infection. In: Fraire, A., Woda, B., Welsh, R., Kradin, R. (eds) Viruses and the Lung. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40605-8_18

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40605-8_18

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-40604-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-40605-8

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