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T-Type Calcium Channels in Pain Neuronal Circuits

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Pathologies of Calcium Channels

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Abstract

Pain is a quite frequent complaint accompanying numerous pathologies. Among these pathological cases numerous neuropathies are retrieved with identified etiologies (chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathies (CIPN), diabetes, surgeries) and also more diffuse syndromes such as fibromyalgia, migraine. More broadly, pain is one of the first and dramatic consequences of the majority of inherited diseases. Despite their importance for the quality of life, current therapies in symptomatic pain management are limited to drugs that are either old, or with a limited efficacy or that possess a bad benefit/risk ratio. Morphine and opioids for example have severe side effects. As no new pharmacological concept has led to new analgesics in the Past, the discovery of new medications is needed. It is necessary to identify new targets (such as ionic channels, the primary molecules of cellular excitability) in pain transmission before hoping to find specific molecules to treat different kinds of pain. Therefore studies of ion channels in pain pathways are extremely active. This is particularly true with ion channels in peripheral sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglia known now to express unique sets of these channels. Moreover, both spinal and supra spinal levels are clearly important in pain modulation with a key role of limbic areas such as thalamus filtering upcoming noxious information in their way to the cortex in the so called pain matrix representing a network of cerebral regions involved in the building of pain sensation, which comprises cortical somatic areas, insula, cingulate cortex, and associated with multiple other regions. Among these ion channels, we and others revealed the important role of low voltage-gated calcium channels (T-type channels) in cellular excitability in different steps of the pain pathways. These channels, by being activated nearby resting membrane potential have biophysical characteristic suited to facilitate action potential generation and rhythmicity. In this chapter we will review the current knowledge on the role of these channels in the perception and modulation of pain.

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Acknowledgments

Pain related work conducted in the authors’ laboratory is supported by the Agence Nationale pour la Recherche, Association Française pour le Myopathies, Institut UPSA de la Douleur, and the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratories of Excellence, Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, 141 rue de la Cardonille, 34094, Montpellier, France

    Amaury Francois, Anne Pizzoccaro, Sophie Laffray & Emmanuel Bourinet

  2. CNRS, UMR5203, Montpellier, France

    Amaury Francois, Anne Pizzoccaro, Sophie Laffray & Emmanuel Bourinet

  3. INSERM, U661, Montpellier, France

    Amaury Francois, Anne Pizzoccaro, Anne Pizzoccaro, Sophie Laffray & Emmanuel Bourinet

  4. IFR3, Universités Montpellier I&II, Montpellier, France

    Amaury Francois, Sophie Laffray & Emmanuel Bourinet

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  1. Amaury Francois
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  2. Anne Pizzoccaro
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  3. Sophie Laffray
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  4. Emmanuel Bourinet
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Correspondence to Emmanuel Bourinet .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada

    Norbert Weiss

  2. Department of Neurophysiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria

    Alexandra Koschak

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Francois, A., Pizzoccaro, A., Laffray, S., Bourinet, E. (2014). T-Type Calcium Channels in Pain Neuronal Circuits. In: Weiss, N., Koschak, A. (eds) Pathologies of Calcium Channels. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40282-1_6

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