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Essentials of Angiogenesis

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PanVascular Medicine

Abstract

Composed of the smallest blood vessels throughout the body, the microvasculature is required for blood constituent transport and tissue homeostasis. Angiogenesis, or the growth of new blood vessels from existing vasculature, takes place when new vessels are necessary to supply cells with oxygen and nutrients. This chapter will highlight cellular and molecular events that occur during sprouting angiogenesis and discuss the foundation for targeting the microvasculature therapeutically, specifically in the context of cancer.

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Abbreviations

Angiogenesis:

Growth of new blood vessels from existing vasculature.

Intussusception:

Type of angiogenesis whereby a single vessel splits into two parallel vessels.

Mural cell:

Vascular cell that wraps around and supports mature vasculature.

Notch:

Primary membrane spanning protein involved in the induction of stalk cells.

Pericyte:

Specialized mural cell located on capillaries and necessary for vessel maturity.

Phalanx cell:

Endothelial cell that composes quiescent blood vessels.

Sprouting:

Common angiogenesis model typified by endothelial migration, led by a tip cell, and proliferation by trailing stalk cells, to form new capillaries.

Stalk cell:

Endothelial cell that proliferates and extends nascent sprouts behind tip cells.

Tip cell:

Migratory endothelial cell that leads nascent vessel sprouts.

Tumor angiogenesis:

Aberrant and uncontrollable angiogenesis that leads to development of pathological vasculature associated with cancer.

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor, the most potent stimulus of angiogenesis.

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Further Reading

  • De Bock K, Georgiadou M, Carmeliet P (2013) Role of endothelial cell metabolism in vessel sprouting. Cell Metabol 18:634–647

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  1. Laboratory of Angiogenesis & Neurovascular Link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, K.U.Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium

    Peter C. Stapor, Katrien De Bock & Peter Carmeliet

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  1. Division of Cardiovascular Disease Department of Internal Medicine, Health Care Center Bitterfeld, Bitterfeld-Wolfen, Germany

    Peter Lanzer

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Stapor, P.C., De Bock, K., Carmeliet, P. (2015). Essentials of Angiogenesis. In: Lanzer, P. (eds) PanVascular Medicine. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37078-6_10

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