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Transgenic Approaches to Enhance Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal-Polluted Soils

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Plant-Based Remediation Processes

Part of the book series: Soil Biology ((SOILBIOL,volume 35))

Abstract

Bioremediation using living plant species, referred to as phytoremediation, covers several different strategies, of which phytoremediation of metal-contaminated soils employs phytoextraction, rhizofiltration, phytostabilization, and phytovolatilization. Although a number of metal hyperaccumulating plant species have been identified, they have little significance in direct application in phytoextraction because of their slow growth, low biomass, and intense interaction with a specific habitat. Efforts are being directed to obtain better molecular insights into metallomics and physiology of hyperaccumulating plants, which highlights candidate genes suitable for phytoremediation. Transgenic approaches employed to promote phytoextraction of metals involved implementation of heterologous metal transporters, centrally important in metal uptake, compartmentalization and/or translocation to organs, improved production of intracellular metal-detoxifying ligands, and (over)production of eligible enzymes. Plants producing bacterial mercuric reductase and organomercurial lyase can convert toxic mercury to metallic Hg volatized from the leaf surface. The use of genetically modified plant symbionts is receiving attention only recently. Although substantial progress has been made, further efforts require interdisciplinary approach and more so, field trials are needed to assess the risk of genetic pollution and underlying economics. Here, we discuss the evidence supporting suitability and prospects of transgenic approaches in phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils.

This chapter is dedicated to the memory of my colleague, Professor Martina Macková (1965–2012).

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    Pavel Kotrba

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    Dharmendra Kumar Gupta

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Kotrba, P. (2013). Transgenic Approaches to Enhance Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal-Polluted Soils. In: Gupta, D. (eds) Plant-Based Remediation Processes. Soil Biology, vol 35. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35564-6_12

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