Abstract
Microarray is one such technology which enables the researchers to investigate and address issues which were once thought to be nontraceable. Over the past few years, this powerful technology has been used to explore transcriptional profiles and genome differences for a variety of microorganisms, greatly facilitating our understanding of microbial metabolism. With the increasing availability of complete microbial genomes, DNA microarrays are becoming a common tool in many areas of microbial research, including microbial physiology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, ecology, phylogeny, and pathway engineering. One can analyze the expression of many genes in a single reaction quickly and in an efficient manner. DNA Microarray technology helps in the identification of new genes and in knowing about their functioning and expression levels under different conditions, comparative genomics, and SNPs identification. This chapter has outlined the principle of microarray technology, types of microarray, their basic protocols, and applications.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Wildsmith SE, Elcock FJ (2001) Microarrays under the microscope. Mol Pathol 54:8–16
DeRisi J, Penland L, Brown PO, Bittner ML, Meltzer PS, Ray M, Chen Y, Su YA, Trent JM (1996) Use of a cDNA microarray to analyse gene expression patterns in human cancer. Nat Genet 14:457–460
Schena M, Shalon D, Davis RW, Brown PO (1995) Quantitative monitoring of gene expression patterns with a complementary DNA microarray. Science 270:467–470
Duggan DJ, Bittner M, Chen Y, Meltzer P, Trent JM (1999) Expression profiling using cDNA microarrays. Nat Genet 21:10–14
Heller RA, Schena M, Chai A, Shalon D, Bedilion T, Gilmore J, Woolley DE, Davis RW (1997) Discovery and analysis of inflammatory disease-related genes using cDNA microarrays. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:2150–2155
Affymetrix GeneChip technology, http://www.affymetrix.com/technology/index.affx. An overview of how an Affimatrix GeneChip is made, http://www.affymetrix.com/technology/manufecturing/index.affx.
Hughes TR, Mao M, Jones AR, Burchard J, Marton MJ, Shannon KW, Lefkowitz SM, Ziman M, Schelter JM, Meyer MR, Kobayashi S, Davis C, Dai H, He YD, Stephaniants SB, Cavet G, Walker WL, West A, Coffey E, Shoemaker DD, Stoughton R, Blanchard AP, Friend SH, Linsley PS (2001) Expression profiling using microarrays fabricated by an ink-jet oligonucleotide synthesizer. Nat Biotechnol 19:342–347
Lander ES (1999) Array of hope. Nat Genet 21:3–4
Yang IV, Chen E, Hasseman JP, Liang W, Frank BC, Wang S, Sharov V, Saeed AI, White J, Li J, Lee NH, Yeatman TJ, Quackenbush J (2002) Within the fold: assessing differential expression measures and reproducibility in microarray assays. Genome Biol 3:0062
Yang YH, Dudoit S, Luu P, Lin DM, Peng V, Ngai J, Speed TP (2002) Normalization for cDNA microarray data: a robust composite method addressing single and multiple slide systematic variation. Nucleic Acids Res 30:e15
Kulesh DA, Clive DR, Zarlenga DS, Greene JJ (1987) Identification of interferon-modulated proliferation-related cDNA sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84:8453–8457
Lausted C, Dahl T, Warren C, King K, Smith K, Johnson M, Saleem R, Aitchison J, Hood L, Lasky SR (2004) POSaM: a fast, flexible, open-source, inkjet oligonucleotide synthesizer and microarrayer. Genome Biol 5:R58. doi:10.1186/gb-2004-5-8-r58.PMID15287980
Jain K (2000) Applications of biochip and microarray systems in pharmacogenomics. Pharmacogenomics 1:289–307
Crowther DJ (2002) Applications of microarrays in pharmaceutical industry. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2:551–554
Ehrenreich A (2006) DNA microarray technology for the microbiologist: an overview. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 73:255–273
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Dubey, P.P., Kumar, D. (2013). Microarray Technology: Basic Concept, Protocols, and Applications. In: Arora, D., Das, S., Sukumar, M. (eds) Analyzing Microbes. Springer Protocols Handbooks. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34410-7_17
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34410-7_17
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-34409-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-34410-7
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols